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2001, Número 2

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Rev Mex Anest 2001; 24 (2)


Anestesia en oftalmología

Haberer JP, Obstler C, Deveaux A, Zahwa A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 100
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 147.90 Kb.


RESUMEN

La anestesia para la cirugía oftalmológica está destinada tanto a pacientes infantiles como adultos. Para poder participar con total seguridad la anestesia locorregional es necesario conocer con exactitud la anatomía y la fisiología oculares. En el adulto, casi toda la cirugía del segmento anterior se lleva a cabo bajo anestesia locorregional. Cada vez es mayor el número de intervenciones del segmento posterior que se benefician también de este tipo de anestesia. La anestesia peribulbar ha reemplazado progresivamente a la anestesia retrobulbar. Se han propuesto numerosas variantes de la anestesia peribulbar. La cirugía de las cataratas se puede efectuar también bajo anestesia tópica, sola o asociada a la inyección intracameral de lidocaína sin conservantes. Las complicaciones de la anestesia peribulbar son muy poco frecuentes; las dos más graves son la difusión de los anestésicos locales hacia el sistema hacia el sistema nervioso central y la perforación del globo ocular. El periodo postoperatorio no suele presentar serias complicaciones, las más frecuentes son las náuseas, los vómitos y los dolores. Actualmente, es bastante corriente recurrir a la cirugía ambulatoria para el tratamiento de las cataratas y para las intervenciones más sencillas.


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