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2007, Número 3

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Rev Neurol Neurocir Psiquiat 2007; 40 (3)


Terapia celular y aplicación de células madre en la enfermedad de Parkinson (Revisión)

González-López GM, Sosa-Luna CA, Juárez-Maldonado JL, Trejo-Bahena NI, Núñez-Sánchez M, Sánchez-González DJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 67
Paginas: 80-91
Archivo PDF: 221.49 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es una degeneración neuronal crónica del núcleo estriado con déficit en la síntesis de dopamina (C6H3(OH)2-CH2-CH2-NH2) y trastorno del movimiento de origen multifactorial. El tratamiento farmacológico más eficaz es la administración oral de levodopa (L- 3,4-dihidroxifenilalanina), un precursor que se convierte en dopamina; sin embargo, a largo plazo aparecen complicaciones, como discinesias resistencia al fármaco. La terapia celular consiste en trasplantar células dopaminérgicas de diversas estirpes celulares como de la médula suprarrenal, tejido nervioso, cromafín, células mesencefálicas fetales, epitelio pigmentado de la retina y recientemente, aplicación de células madre embrionarias (stem cells) con capacidad para autorrenovarse y transformarse en diferentes tipos celulares especializados. Estas células pueden sobrevivir e integrarse funcionalmente en el núcleo estriado. El principal objetivo de la terapia celular consiste en reemplazar las células que se han degenerado por otras que puedan suplir su función.


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