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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2006, Número 4

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Rev Invest Clin 2006; 58 (4)


Evidencias de la participación del peroxinitrito en diversas enfermedades

Chirino YI, Orozco-Ibarra M, Pedraza-Chaverrí J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 58
Paginas: 350-358
Archivo PDF: 106.49 Kb.


RESUMEN

El peroxinitrito (ONOO¯) es una especie reactiva de nitrógeno formada por la reacción entre el óxido nítrico (NO•) y el anión superóxido (O2•–). El NO• es sintetizado por la sintasa de óxido nítrico (NOS) y el O2• – se puede sintetizar de forma no enzimática, por la adición de un electrón al O2 o por medio de diversas enzimas como la NADPH oxidasa y la xantina oxidasa. El ONOO¯ es una especie oxidante capaz de modificar un gran número de biomoléculas entre las que se encuentran aminoácidos, proteínas, enzimas y cofactores de enzimas. El ONOO¯ puede inducir nitración de residuos de tirosina promoviendo la formación de 3-nitrotirosina (3-NT). Esta modificación ha sido muy estudiada y aunque no es producida exclusivamente por ONOO¯ sino también por otras especies reactivas de nitrógeno, se acepta actualmente como una evidencia de la formación de ONOO¯. El aumento excesivo de este último, así como de otras especies reactivas de nitrógeno se conoce como estrés nitrosativo y puede causar daño estructural alterando la funcionalidad de las células. Por otra parte, se han desarrollado una serie de metaloporfirinas que descomponen específicamente al ONOO¯ y éstas han ayudado a determinar que el ONOO¯ es una especie implicada en enfermedades como Alzheimer, Huntington, diabetes, hipertensión, artritis, colitis y diversas complicaciones cardiacas y renales. Además, estas metaloporfirinas pueden ser de utilidad terapéutica en aquellas enfermedades asociadas a la producción de ONOO¯.


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