medigraphic.com

2008, Número 3

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Vet Mex 2008; 39 (3)


Epilepsia en perros

Goiz-Márquez G, Caballero CS, Solís OH, Sumano LH

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 73
Paginas: 279-321
Archivo PDF: 686.86 Kb.


RESUMEN

La epilepsia idiopática (EI), así como otras enfermedades convulsivas representan al menos 14% de las consultas neurológicas en la medicina veterinaria. A pesar de esto último, se reconoce que existe un vacío en la información que maneja el clínico especialista en pequeñas especies porque aún no se han elucidado todos los aspectos patofi siológicos de ese padecimiento. Debido a que no existe un método diagnóstico específi co, se llega a él por exclusión. Aunque el electroencefalograma (EEG) brinda algunos elementos diagnósticos no siempre se tiene la fortuna de ubicar anormalidades en el registro. Las alternativas terapéuticas farmacológicas son reducidas y no carentes de efectos adversos. Es mucha la posibilidad de encontrar EI refractaria al tratamiento farmacológico y se ha concluido que deben evaluarse las alternativas de tratamiento no farmacológico mediante estudios clínicos sistemáticos. El diagnóstico temprano, la instauración de un tratamiento farmacológico, la educación de los propietarios de animales y la combinación con terapias no farmacológicas representan a la fecha la única forma de mejorar el pronóstico de perros afectados con EI.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. 1.Purves D, Augustine G, Fitzpatrick D, Hall W, LaMantia A, McNamara J et al. Neuroscience. 3rd ed. Massachusets:Sinauer Associates Inc., 2004.

  2. 2.López-Hernández E, Bravo J, Solís H. Epilepsia y antiepilépticos de primera y segunda generación. Aspectos básicos útiles en la práctica clínica. Rev Fac Med UNAM 2005, 48: 201-209.

  3. 3.Knowles K. Idiopathic epilepsy. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 1998; 13: 144-151.

  4. 4.Janssens LA. Ear acupuncture for treatment of epilepsy in the dog. Prog Vet Neurol 1989; 1: 89-94.

  5. 5.Bagley R. Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Neurology.Iowa: Blackwell Publishing, 2005.

  6. 6.Holliday T, Cunningham J, Gutnick M. Comaparative clinical and electroencephalographic studies of canine epilepsy. Epilepsia 1970; 11: 281-292.

  7. 7.Muñana K, Vitek S, Tarver W, Saito M, Skeen T, Sharp N et al. Use of vagal nerve stimulation as a treatment for refractory epilepsy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002; 221: 977-983.

  8. 8.Bollinger-Schmitz K, Kline K. An overview of canine idiopathic epilepsy for the small animal practitioner.Iowa:Iowa State Univers Vet 2000; 62: 23-29.

  9. 9.Chang Y, Mellor DJ, Anderson TJ. Idiopathic epilepsy in dogs: owner’s perspectives on management with phenobarbitone and/or potassium bromide. J Small Anim Pract 2006, 47: 574-581.

  10. 10.Heynold Y, Faissler D, Steffer F, Jaggy A. Clinical, epidemiological,and treatment results of idiopathic epilepsy in 54 labrador retrievers: a long term study. J Small Anim Pract 1997; 38: 7-14.

  11. 11.Jaggy A, Bernardini M. Idiopathic epilepsy in 125 dogs: a long-term study. Clinical and electroencephalographic fi ndings. J Small Anim Pract 1998; 39: 23-29.

  12. 12.Pellegrino F. Epilepsia y síndromes epilépticos. En: Pellegrino F, Suraniti A, Garibaldi L, editores. El Libro de Neurología para la Práctica Clínica. Argentina: Intermédica,2003: 255-280.

  13. 13.Thomas WB. Idiopathic epilepsy in dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2000; 30: 183-206.

  14. 14.March PA. Seizures: Classifi cation, etiologies, and pathophysiology. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 1998; 13:119-131.

  15. 15.Berendt M, Gram L. Epilepsy and seizure classifi cation in 63 dogs: a reappraisal of veterinary epilepsy terminology. J Vet Intern Med 1999; 13: 14-20.

  16. 16.López-Hernández E, Bravo J, Solís H. Epilepsia y antiepilépticos de primera y segunda generación. Aspectos básicos útiles en la práctica clínica. Rev Fac Med UNAM 2005; 48: 201-209.

  17. 17.Solís H, Bravo J, Galindo-Morales J. Modifi cación de la inhibición recurrente por la estimulación eléctrica iterativa o por aplicación local de fármacos convulsionantes al hipocampo. En: Otero-Siliceo E, editor. Epilepsia Experimental. México (DF): Academia Mexicana de Neurología, 1991: 211-223.

  18. 18.Palma E, Spinelli G, Torchia G, Martinez-Torres A,Ragozzino D, Miledi R et al. Abnormal GABAA receptors from the human epileptic hippocampal subiculum microtransplanted to Xenopus oocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2005; 102: 2514-2518.

  19. 19.Palma E, Amici M, Sobrero F, Spinelli G, Di Angelantonio S, Ragozzino D et al. Anomolous levels of Cl- transporters in the hippocampal subiculum from temporal lobe epilepsy patients make GABA excitatory. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2006; 103: 8465-8468.

  20. 20.Morita T, Takahashi M, Takeuchi T, Hikasa Y, Ikeda S,Sawasa M et al. Changes in extracellular neurotransmitters in the cerebrum of familial idiopathic epileptic Shetland Sheepdogs using an intracerebral microdyalisis technique and immunohistochemical study for glutamate metabolis. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67: 1119-1126.

  21. 21.Solís H, Bravo J, Galindo-Morales J, López E. Participación de la inhibición recurrente en algunos modelos de convulsiones generalizadas. En: Feria A, Martínez D, Rubio F, editores. Epilepsia. Aspectos neurobiológicos, médicos y sociales. México (DF): Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía. Departamento de Publicaciones Científi cas, 1997: 66-80.

  22. 22.Palmer AC. Pathological changes in the brain associated with fi ts in dogs. Vet Rec 1972; 90: 167-172.

  23. 23.Ellenberger C, Mevissen M, Doherr M, Scholtysik G,Jaggy A. Inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the cerebrospinal fl uid of epileptic dogs. Am J Vet Res 2004; 65: 1108-1113

  24. 24.Chen J, Naylor D, Wasterlain C. Advances in pathophysiology of status epilepticus. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 2007; 186: 7-15.

  25. 25.Center S. Seizures in the dog and cat. Kal Kan Forum 1986; 5: 11-18.

  26. 26.Schwartz-Porsche D. Seizures. In:. Braund K.G, editor.Clinical syndrome in veterinary neurolgy. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book 1994: 234-251.

  27. 27.Shell LG. Understanding the fundamentals of seizures. Vet Med 1993; 88: 622-628.

  28. 28.Le Couteur RA. Seizures and Epilepsy. In: Wheeler SJ, editors. Manual of Small Animal Neurology. 2nd ed.Gloucestershire: British Small Animal Veterinary Association Publishing, 1995: 95-111.

  29. 29.Podell M, Fenner WR, Powers JD. Seizure classifi cation in dogs from a nonreferral-based population. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 206: 1721-1728.

  30. 30.Podell M. Seizures in dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1996; 4: 779-809.

  31. 31.Dodman N, Knowles K, Shuster L, Moon-Fanelli A, Tidwell A, Keen C. Behavioral changes associated with suspected complex partial seizures in Bull Terriers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 208: 688-691.

  32. 32.Stonehewer J, Tasker S, Simpson W, Mayhew IG. Idiopathic Phenobarbital-responsive hypersialosis in the dog: an unusual form of limbic epilepsy? J Small Anim Pract 2000, 41: 416-421.

  33. 33.Wallace M. Keeshonds: a genetic study of epilepsy and EEG readings. J Small Anim Pract 1975; 16: 1-10.

  34. 34.Srenk P, Jaggy A. Intertictal electroencephalographic fi ndings in family of Golden Retrievers with idiopathic epilepsy. J Small An Pract 1996; 37 (7): 317-321.

  35. 35.Kathmann I, Jaggy A, Busato A, Bartschi M, Gaillard C. Clinical and genetic investigations of idiopathic epilepsy in the Bernese mountain dog. J Small Anim Pract 1999; 40: 319-325

  36. 36.Patterson E, Mickelson J, Da Y, Roberts M, McVey S,O´Brien D et al. Clinical characteristics and inheritance of idiopathic epilepsy in Vizslas. J Vet Intern Med 2003;17: 319-325

  37. 37.Patterson E, Armstrong P, O´Brien D, Roberts M, Johnson G, Mickelson J. Clinical description and mode of inheritance of idiopathic epilepsy in English Springer Spaniel. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 226: 54-58.

  38. 38.Gerard V, Conrack C. Identifying the cause of an early onset of seizures in puppies with epileptic parents. Vet Med 1991; 86: 1060-1061.

  39. 39.Lindbald-Toh K, Wade C, Mikkelsen T, Karlsson E, Jaffe D, Kamal M et al. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature 2005; 438: 803-819

  40. 40.Lohi H, Young E, Fitzmaurice S, Rusbridge C, Chan E, Vervoort M et al. Expanded repeat in canine epilepsy. Science 2005; 307: 81.

  41. 41.Dodman N, Miczek K, Knowles K, Thalhammer J, Shuster L. Phenobarbital-responsive episodic dyscontrol (rage) in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992, 201: 1580- 1583.

  42. 42.Dodman N, Bronson R, Gliatto J. Tail chasing in a Bull Terrier. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993, 202: 758-760.

  43. 43.Pellegrino F. Electroencefalografía clínica en pequeños animales. En: Pellegrino F, Suraniti A, Garibaldi L, editores.

  44. 44.El Libro de Neurología para la Práctica Clínica.Argentina: Intermédica, 2003: 571-600.Klemm W. Electroencephalography in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Probl Vet Med 1989; 1: 1895-1899.

  45. 45.Holliday T, Cunningham J, Gutnick M. Comparative clinical and electroencephalographic studies of canine epilepsy. Epilepsia 1970; 11: 281-292.

  46. 46.Podell M. Antiepileptic drug therapy. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 1998,13:185-192.

  47. 47.Dowling P. Update on therapy on canine epilepsy. Can Vet J 1999; 40:595-598.

  48. 48.Lord L, Podell M. Owner perception of the care of long-term Phenobarbital-treated epileptic dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1999; 40: 11-15.

  49. 49.Shaw N, Trepanier L, Center S, Garland S. High dietary chloride content associated with loss of therapeutic serum bromide concentrations in an epileptic dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 208: 234-235.

  50. 50.Platt S, Adams L, Garosi C, Abramson J, Penderis J, De Stefani A et al. Treatment with gabapentin of 11 dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. Vet Rec 2006; 159: 881-884.

  51. 51.Govendir M, Perkins M, Malik R. Improving seizure control in dogs with refractory epilepsy using gabapentin as an adjunctive agent. Aus Vet J 2005; 83: 602-608.

  52. 52.Boothe DM: Anticonvulsant therapy in small animals.Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1998; 28:411.

  53. 53.Speciale J, Dayrell-Hart B, Steinberg S. Clinical evaluation of γ-vinyl-γ-aminobutyric acid for control of epilepsy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991; 198:995-1000.

  54. 54.Vaughan-Scott T, Taylor JH. Drug choice and therapeutic monitoring in the management of canine primary epilepsy. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1999; 70: 172-176

  55. 55.Platt S. Anticonvulsant use for epileptics. Proceedings of the 30th World Congress of The World Small AnimalVeterinary Association; 2005 May 11-14; Mexico DF. Mexico DF: World Small Animal Veterinary Association 2005: 845-849.

  56. 56.Inzanza KD, Allyn M, Davies C. Pancytopenia in three dogs associated with phenobarbital therapy (abstract). Proceedings of the 16th American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum; 1998 May 31, San Diego, USA. San Diego (USA): American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1998: 725-728.

  57. 57.Jacobs G, Calvert C, Kaufman A. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in three dogs treated with anticonvulsants.J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212: 681-684.

  58. 58.Dayrell-Hart B, Steinberg S, Van Winkle T, Farnbach G. Hepatotoxicity of phenobarbitol in dogs: 18 cases (1985-1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991; 199: 1060-1066.

  59. 59.Parent J. Clinical management of canine seizures. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1988; 18: 605-622.

  60. 60.Podell M, Fenner WR. Bromide therapy in refractory canine idiopathic epilepsy. J Vet Intern Med 1993,7:318

  61. 61.Yohn SE, Morrison WB, Sharp PE. Bromide toxicosis (bromism) in a dog treated with potassium bromide for refractory seizures. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201: 468- 470.

  62. 62.Scherkl R, Kurundi D, FreyH-H. Anticonvulsant effects of clonazepam in the dog: Development of tolerance and physical dependence. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1985; 278: 249-260.

  63. 63.Scherkl R, Kurundi D, FreyH-H. Clorazepate in dogs: Tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect and signs of physical dependence. Epilepsy Res 1989; 3: 144-150.

  64. 64.Loscher W. Plasma levels of valproic acid and its metabolites during continued treatment in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1981; 4:111-119.

  65. 65.Lorenz MD. Neurologic history and examination. In: Lorenz MD, Kornegay J, editors. Handbook of Veterinary Neurology. 4 ed. St. Louis: WB Saunders, 2004: 3-38.

  66. 66.Ruelhman D, Podell M, March P. Treatment of partial67.seizures and seizure-like activity with felbamate in sixdogs. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42: 403-408.

  67. 67.Holland C. Succesful long term treatment of a dog with psychomotor seizures using carbamazepine. Austr Vet J 1988;65:389-392

  68. 68.O´Brien D, Simpson ST, Longshore R, Kroll RA, Goetze L. Nimodipine for treatment of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210: 1298-1301.

  69. 69.Podell M, Hadjiconstantinou M. Low concentrations of cerebrospinal fl uid GABA correlate to a reduced response to Phenobarbital therapy in primary canine epilepsy. J Vet Intern Med 1997; 58: 451-456.

  70. 70.Speciale J, Stahlbrodt J. Use of ocular compression to induce vagal stimulation and aid in controlling seizures in seven dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 214: 663-665.

  71. 71.Van Niekerk J. The use of acupuncture in canine epilepsy. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1988; 59:5.

  72. 72.Sumano H, Ocampo C, González M. Evaluación del efecto de la acupuntura y carbamacepina en el tratamiento de la epilepsia idiopática y las convulsiones epileptiforme causadas por distemper canino. Vet Méx 1987; 18: 27-31.

  73. 73.Wynn S, Luna S, Liu H, Xie H, Nam T, Chien C. Globalacupuncture research: previously untranslated studies. In: Schoen A. Veterinary Acupuncture. Ancient art to modern medicine. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby Inc, 2001: 53-77.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com