2008, Número 3
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Rev Med Hosp Gen Mex 2008; 71 (3)
Diversidad genética en la población mexicana: Utilización de marcadores de ADN
Guardado-Estrada M, Queipo G, Meraz-Ríos M, Berumen-Campos J
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 112
Paginas: 162-174
Archivo PDF: 146.91 Kb.
RESUMEN
A principios de este siglo inicia lo que se conoce como la era genómica, partiendo de la secuenciación del genoma humano. Al obtener secuencias de individuos de distintas regiones geográficas se definirá con mayor precisión la variación que existe dentro de los seres humanos. Conocer estas variaciones en el genoma humano nos permitirá identificar aquellos genes que pudieran conferir susceptibilidad o protección hacia ciertas enfermedades complejas, identificar la interacción de los mismos con los diversos factores ambientales e incluso predecir una respuesta al tratamiento de la enfermedad. La genética de poblaciones es una herramienta útil que ha adquirido mucho peso al estudiar las variaciones genómicas. La población mexicana actual surge principalmente de la mezcla de dos poblaciones que estuvieron separadas por mucho tiempo, la española y la amerindia, posteriormente con una contribución en menor proporción de la población africana. Conocer la variación genética de la población mexicana, así como la identificación de aquellos factores que han ido actuando sobre las frecuencias alélicas permitirá en un futuro establecer si existe alguna relación entre el polimorfismo de nuestro genoma, el medio ambiente y las enfermedades complejas con una mayor prevalencia en nuestra población con miras hacia una medicina individualizada.
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