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Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología

2008, Número 1-2

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Microbiología 2008; 50 (1-2)


Producción del ácido indol-3-acético en Azospirillum

Aguilar-Piedras JJ, Xiqui-Vásquez ML, García-García S, Baca BE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 29-37
Archivo PDF: 158.01 Kb.


RESUMEN

Azospirillum es una bacteria fijadora de nitrógeno de vida libre, aislada de la rizósfera y del espacio intracelular de la raíz de varias plantas. Muchos reportes han mostrado un mejoramiento del crecimiento de la planta y la producción de granos por la inoculación de Azospirillum a la planta. La respuesta observada se ha atribuido a varios mecanismos que pudieran operar simultáneamente entre ellos: la producción por la bacteria del ácido indol-3-acético (IAA). En esta revisión analizaremos la compleja biosíntesis de IAA en Azospirillum. Se han propuesto en Azospirillum tres vías de síntesis dependientes de tr iptófano (Trp) anotadas de acuerdo al intermediario de la vía. La ruta del ácido-3-indol pirúvico (IPyA), considerada la más importante, la vía de la triptamina y la ruta del indol-3-acetonitrilo. Una vía independiente del Trp, que emplearía un precursor indólico del Trp; sin embargo ninguna de ellas está completamente dilucidada. Estudios bioquímicos mostraron actividad enzimática de dos aromático aminotransferasas (AATs) en A. brasilense y cuatro en A. lipoferum, las cuales podrían estar involucradas en la síntesis del IPyA. En varias cepas se identificó el gene ipdC que codifica para la enzima clave de la vía del IPyA, la fenil piruvato descarboxilasa (PPDC). De manera interesante, ipdC de A. brasilense Sp245 es sobre expresado en presencia de IAA, y todos los genes ipdC identificados son expresados en asociación con la planta. La enzima antranilato sintetasa codificada por el gene trpE(G) convierte el corismato en ácido antranílico, ésta es la primera reacción de la síntesis del Trp, existen dos copias del gene en el genoma de A. brasilense. Se demostró que ambos participan en la síntesis de IAA y que son regulados diferentemente. Por lo tanto, A. brasilense cuenta con una poza de Trp suficiente para la síntesis de IAA. Otras proteínas afectan la producción de IAA entre ellas: la proteína de estrés ClpX, así como una de membrana externa y una proteína que participa en el transporte de Fe+3.


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