Miranda-G E, Ostrosky-Wegman P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 41
Paginas: 59-63
Archivo PDF: 63.13 Kb.

RESUMEN

El conocimiento de la secuencia del genoma humano ha dado lugar al surgimiento de una disciplina integral denominada farmacogenética, la cual está elucidando y relacionando los componentes hereditarios con la biodisponibilidad de los fármacos, proveyendo así, las bases científicas para optimizar la terapéutica en función de la constitución genética de cada paciente. Las diferencias individuales en la eficacia y toxicidad de diversos medicamentos ha sido llamada idiosincrática, recientemente se ha vislumbrado que estas diferentes respuestas se deben en gran parte a polimorfismos genéticos de las enzimas que metabolizan los diversos fármacos. Entre éstas, una de las más estudiadas es la producida por el gen CYP2D6, el cual codifica para una enzima perteneciente al citocromo P450. CYP2D6 se encarga de metabolizar alrededor del 20% de los fármacos más utilizados en la terapéutica y el gen que la codifica presenta más de 70 diferentes polimorfismos, algunos inclusive específicos de raza o de ciertas poblaciones. En el presente artículo se revisa el conocimiento existente acerca de CYP2D6, que permite entender la variabilidad en la respuesta a los tratamientos con antiarrítmicos, antidepresivos, analgésicos, antipsicóticos, anticonvulsivos y antihistamínicos.

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