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2005, Número 1

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Bioquimia 2005; 30 (1)


Relación entre la infección por Helicobacter pylori y el desarrollo de metaplasia en pacientes con gastritis crónica

Ocádiz-Delgado R, Sobrino-Cossío S, García-García L, Marroquín-Chavira A, Hernández-Mote R, Gariglio P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 13-22
Archivo PDF: 92.74 Kb.


RESUMEN

La metaplasia gástrica es una consecuencia de la gastritis crónica (GC). Los pacientes con esta condición frecuentemente están infectados por Helicobacter pylori (Hp), teniendo un mayor riesgo para el desarrollo de adenocarcinoma gástrico. Se han descrito diferentes marcadores de patogenicidad de Hp tales como los genes ureC, vacA y cagA. Existen evidencias de que las citotoxinas y enzimas codificadas por estos genes son responsables del daño directo a la mucosa epitelial. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo principal de este trabajo fue establecer una relación entre la presencia de las cepas patógenas de Hp y la progresión de metaplasia en pacientes con el GC. Detectamos la presencia de cepas positivas para los genes ureC, cagA y vacA en pacientes con GC, y utilizando la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), analizamos 130 muestras de cardias y antro gástrico obtenidas a partir de 65 pacientes con diagnóstico de GC (edad promedio: 43.3 años). Encontramos que el 92% de los pacientes con GC fueron positivos a Hp; el 6% de los pacientes con GC fueron diagnosticados con esófago de Barrett, el 50% de estos pacientes fueron positivos ya sea para cepas ureC(+), cagA(+) y/o vacA(+). En este estudio se observó que los pacientes diagnosticados con GC, los cuales estaban infectados con cepas de alta patogenicidad, presentaron una marcada tendencia a desarrollar metaplasia. Estos resultados sugirieron que las cepas de alta patogenicidad de Hp, combinada con GC son factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de una condición precancerosa.


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