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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2002, Número 4

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salud publica mex 2002; 44 (4)


Evaluación de la calidad de vida

Velarde-Jurado E, Avila-Figueroa C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 147
Paginas: 349-361
Archivo PDF: 133.14 Kb.


RESUMEN

Este trabajo hace una revisión sobre la evolución del concepto de calidad de vida. Este concepto ha venido cobrando importancia ya que la mayor sobrevida de la población ha mejorado a expensas de un mayor número de personas con algún grado de discapacidad, y de personas con enfermedades crónicas que padecen los efectos de su enfermedad y del tratamiento. En 1948 la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) definió a la salud como el completo estado de bienestar físico, mental y social, y no sólo la ausencia de enfermedad, con lo cual el término evolucionó, desde una definición conceptual, hasta métodos objetivos, los cuales, mediante cuestionarios o instrumentos generan escalas e índices que permiten medir las dimensiones que conforman el estado de salud. Actualmente, la salud de una persona se evalúa más allá de su capacidad física y se toman en cuenta su contexto social y su salud mental. Las mediciones pueden estar basadas en encuestas directas a los pacientes, con referencia al inicio de la enfermedad, su diagnóstico y a los cambios de síntomas a través del tiempo. Este artículo presenta un inventario de 126 instrumentos utilizados para medir la calidad de vida en diversas poblaciones y enfermedades. Debido a que la calidad de vida se basa en mediciones con una carga variable de subjetividad, se requiere de métodos de evaluación válidos, reproducibles y confiables. El mejor conocimiento de las evaluaciones para medir calidad de vida permitirá incorporar estos instrumentos en la evaluación integral de individuos, en la conducción de ensayos clínicos y en la investigación de servicios de salud.


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