Bautista LE, Vera-Cala LM, Villamil L, Silva SM, Peña IM, Luna LV

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 46
Paginas: 399-405
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RESUMEN

Objetivo. Cuantificar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y su asociación con edad, sexo, estrato socioeconómico e índice de masa corporal. Material y métodos. Encuesta transversal,de base poblacional, hecha en 1996, en una muestra aleatoria de 356 adultos adultos ≥20 años de edad, residentes en Bucaramanga, Colombia, en quienes se midieron peso, talla y presión arterial y se consideraron edad y sexo. Se usaron regresión lineal robusta y regresión binomial para estimar el efecto independiente de distintas variables sobre presión sistólica (PS), presión diastólica (PD) e hipertensión arterial (HTA). Resultados. Las medias de PS y PD fueron significativamente mayores en hombres (122.5 y 88.1 mmHg) que en mujeres (117.2 y 75.4 mmHg). La PS ajustada aumentó con la edad, mas en hombres que en mujeres, la PD no cambió significativamente con la edad. Por cada aumento de un kg/m² la PS y la PD aumentaron 0.76 y 0.69 mmHg, respectivamente. Participantes de estrato socioeconómico bajo tuvieron una PS 6.8 y una PD 9.8 mmHg mayor que los del nivel alto. La prevalencia ajustada de HTA (PHTA) aumentó con la edad siendo mayor en los adultos ≥50 años que en los de 20 a 30. El sexo no tuvo efecto sobre la PHTA (p=0.795). Por cada aumento de un kg/m² la PHTA aumentó 3% y las personas del estrato socioeconómico bajo tuvieron una PHTA 1.84 veces mayor que las del alto. Conclusiones. La PHTA fue alta. Existe gran potencial para la prevención controlando el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Es necesario corroborar con nuevos estudios el aumento de la prevalencia en el estrato socioeconómico bajo e identificar sus causas.

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