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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2007, Número S2

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salud publica mex 2007; 49 (S2)


Elevada concentración de metabolitos de cotinina en hijos de padres fumadores

Lazcano-Ponce E, Sánchez-Zamorano LM, Benowitz N, Barbosa-Sánchez L, Hernández-Ávila M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 55
Paginas: 213-223
Archivo PDF: 249.43 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. La exposición al humo de tabaco de segunda mano (HTSM) en niños y adultos puede ser común en oficinas gubernamentales, lugares de trabajo, vehículos y espacios públicos, pero es de particular importancia en el hogar. Los grados de exposición elevados en niños pueden constituirse como la principal justificación para restringir el tabaquismo dentro del hogar. El objetivo fue determinar los valores de HTSM mediante biomarcadores séricos en binomios padreshijos menores de cinco años, en México, participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000. Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron 76 binomios padres-hijos de hogares con adultos no fumadores y 83 binomios similares pero con adultos fumadores en el hogar. La selección se restringió a hogares donde hubiera presencia de niños menores de cinco años de edad. Las muestras séricas se analizaron por cromatografía líquida. Se construyeron modelos de correlación de exposición entre los binomios padres-hijos estratificados por el antecedente de tabaquismo en los padres. Resultados. La prevalencia de individuos con más de 15 ng/mL de cotinina en suero en los fumadores fue de 100%; la cuantificación mínima fue 18.50 y la máxima de 221.5 ng/mL. En los adultos, los valores séricos de cotinina fueron 50 veces mayores en los fumadores (107.4 ng/mL) que en los no fumadores (1.99 ng/mL); similar observación a la referida tuvo la exposición a 3’-hidroxicotinina (0.69 en no fumadores vs. 33.59 ng/mL en adultos fumadores). Hubo una diferencia significativa tres veces mayor de valores de cotinina (0.19 vs. 0.60 ng/mL) y de 3’-hidroxicotinina (0.06 vs. 0.19 ng/mL) en los hijos de fumadores. Conclusiones. A pesar de que existe diferencia significativa de HTSM en niños de padres fumadores, la exposición observada de HTSM en niños menores de cinco años de padres no fumadores también es relevante. En México se documenta por primera vez una elevada exposición al HTSM en niños, no sólo de padres fumadores sino también de padres no fumadores. Esto pone de relevancia que la exposición al HTSM no es sólo un problema de salud pública que se presenta en hogares de padres fumadores, sino que la exposición en niños mexicanos es frecuente en diversos lugares públicos. Es necesario implementar estudios adicionales en México para evaluar el impacto de intervenciones que garanticen hogares y espacios libres de humo de tabaco.


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