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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2007, Número 3

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salud publica mex 2007; 49 (3)


La exposición a la aflatoxina B1 en animales de laboratorio y su significado en la salud pública

Guzmán PD

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 62
Paginas: 227-235
Archivo PDF: 220.62 Kb.


RESUMEN

En México se ha detectado la presencia AFB1 en humanos: como mutación en el gene p53 en hepatocarcinomas de pacientes de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, en 1996 y como aducto AFB1-lisina en suero de pacientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social de Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México, en 2003. La aflatoxina B1 ha sido clasificada por la Agencia Internacional para Investigación en Cáncer como un agente carcinogénico para humanos. Este compuesto es un contaminante natural encontrado en alimentos y es sintetizado por Aspergillus flavus y/o A. parasiticus cuando estos hongos crecen en diversos productos alimenticios. Considerando el riesgo que este compuesto representa para los seres humanos, en el presente artículo se revisa y analiza, a nivel molecular, su capacidad carcinogénica, mutagénica y tóxica y se ilustra su relación causal con hepatocarcinomas en humanos. Se destaca que la capacidad carcinogénica y mutagénica están determinadas por la AFB1-formamidopirimidina, la cual causa errores en las transcripciones del ADN. Los resultados ilustran que la población mexicana está consumiendo alimentos con bajas concentraciones de AFB1. La toxicidad es consecuencia de la acción carcinogénica en el hígado.


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