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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2003, Número S5

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salud publica mex 2003; 45 (S5)


Avances en las pruebas diagnósticas de ETS bacterianas

Morse SA

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas: 698-708
Archivo PDF: 111.99 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las pruebas de laboratorio son necesarias a menudo para el diagnóstico de las infecciones transmitidas sexualmente, debido a la naturaleza asintomática o a la presencia de síntomas inespecíficos de esas infecciones. En este sentido, durante los años relativamente recientes se han registrado importantes avances tecnológicos, como por ejemplo los ensayos de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos que han permitido una mejora en la posibilidad de diagnosticar las infecciones causadas por Chlamydia trachomatis. El descubrimiento de que las pruebas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos permiten diagnosticar a un mayor número de individuos infectados y de que son útiles para tamizar poblaciones con bajas prevalencias de infección, han conducido al desarrollo de estrategias diseñadas para reducir el costo de los ensayos de laboratorio sin que ello impacte significativamente en la sensibilidad de las pruebas diagnósticas. Por otra parte, el desarrollo de nuevas pruebas para el diagnóstico de la sífilis ha ganado momento a partir de la factibilidad de producir un antígeno de VDRL sintético, que deberá resultar en mejores pruebas de anticuerpos no-treponémicos para el tamiz de la sífilis. Ahora bien, aún cuando se ha completado el conocimiento de la secuencia genética del Treponema pallidum, este microrganismo todavía no es susceptible de cultivarse in vitro. Sin embargo, la revolución de la biología molecular ha facilitado la implantación de ensayos de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para detectar al Treponema pallidum en varios tipos de muestras clínicas, así mismo ahora es posible la producción de antígenos recombinantes de esa bacteria para utilizarse en pruebas serológicas de anticuerpos treponémicos específicos. En conclusión, es de esperarse que la investigación futura favorecerá la disponibilidad de pruebas de laboratorio sensibles y de bajo costo para el diagnóstico de las infecciones transmitidas sexualmente.


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