Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 134
Paginas: 193-201
Archivo PDF: 141.69 Kb.

FRAGMENTO

Señor editor: la depresión es un desorden psiquiátrico común en ancianos en todo el mundo. Este desorden a menudo no es diagnosticado y los ancianos deprimidos frecuentemente no reciben tratamiento o son mal tratados. Además, los ancianos con síntomas depresivos están en mayor riesgo de una declinación física subsiguiente. Los ancianos de México no escapan a esta enfermedad, sin embargo, hay una escasez de reportes epidemiológicos sobre la depresión en ancianos de México. Por lo tanto, hemos realizado un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo para determinar la prevalencia de depresión en dos poblaciones de ancianos de Durango, México. Además, buscamos determinar si alguna característica sociodemográfica de los ancianos se asociaba con la depresión.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. Texto 1

2. McCall NT, Parks P, Smith K, Pope G, Griggs M. The prevalence of major depression or dysthymia among aged Medicare Fee-for-Service beneficiaries. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;17:557-565.

3. Valvanne J, Juva K, Erkinjuntti T, Tilvis R. Major depression in the elderly: A population study in Helsinki. Int Psychogeriatr 1996;8:437-443.

4. Berardi D, Menchetti M, De Ronchi D, Rucci P, Leggieri G, Ferrari G. Late-life depression in primary care: A nationwide Italian epidemiological survey. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:77-83.

5. Gostynski M, Ajdacic-Gross V, Gutzwiller F, Michel JP, Herrmann F. Depression among the elderly in Switzerland. Nervenarzt 2002;73: 851-860.

6. Thongtang O, Sukhatunga K, Ngamthipwatthana T, Chulakadabba S, Vuthiganond S, Pooviboonsuk P. Prevalence andincidence of depression in the Thai elderly. JMed Assoc Thai 2002;85:540-544.

7. Unutzer J. Diagnosis and treatment of older adults with depression in primary care. Biol Psychiatry 2002;52:285-292.

8. Brown MN, Lapane KL, Luis AF. The management of depression in older nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50: 69-76.

9. Penninx BW, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, Deeg DJ, Wallace RB. Depressive symptoms and physical decline in communitydwelling older persons. JAMA 1998;279: 1720-1726.

10. Wagner FA, Gallo JJ, Delva J. Depression in late life: A hidden public health problem for Mexico? Salud Publica Mex 1999;41:189-202.

11. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 1982-83;17:37-49.

12. Chan AC. Clinical validation of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Chinese version. J Aging Health 1996;8:238-253.

13. Fernández-San Martín MI, Andrade C, Molina J, Muñoz PE, Carretero B, Rodríguez M et al. Validation of the Spanish version of the geriatric depression scale (GDS) in primary care. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;17:279-287.

14. Pichot P, López-Ibor Aliño JJ, Valdés-Miyar M. DSM-IV. Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales. Barcelona: Masson, SA; 1995.

15. Snowdon J, Donnelly N. A study of depression in nursing homes. J Psychiatr Res 1986;20:327-333.

16. Teresi J, Abrams R, Holmes D, Ramírez M, Eimicke J. Prevalence of depression and depression recognition in nursing homes. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2001;36:613-620.

17. Parmelee PA, Katz IR, Lawton MP. Depression among institutionalized aged: Assessment and prevalence estimation. J Gerontol 1989;44:M22-29.

18. Texto 2

19. Hernández AE, Ahued AR. Sangrado transvaginal durante el embarazo, como factor de riesgo para isoinmunización al antígeno Rhesus-D. Salud Publica Mex 2003;45:492-496.

20. Cepeda AG, Sentíes L, Fiorelli FE, Garcete JA. Prevention of post-partum Rh-factor isoinmunization. Experience of the Hospital 1st Gynecological-Obstetrical of the Mexican Institute of Social Security. Ginecol Obstet Mex 1975;37:83-91.

21. Zavala C, Velázquez-Ferrari MA, Navarrete C, Rosales-Corona J, Lisker R. Estimation of the number of females at risk of isoimmunization to the Rho (D) antigen in a sample of the population attended at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Arch Invest Med (Mex) 1983;14:199-206.

22. Zavala C, Salamanca F. Mothers at risk of alloimmunization to the Rh (D) antigen and availability of gamma-globulin at the Mexican Institute of Social Security. Arch Med Res 1996 Autumn;27(3):373-376.

23. Baptista GHA, Rosenfeld MF, Leiss MT. Prevention of maternal RhD isoimmunizationwith anti-D gamma isoinmmunization. Salud Publica Mex 200;43:52-58.

24. Avalos CJ, Díaz EJC, Bravo SJ, Ruiz VV, Zárate-Sal H, Ayllon-Solórzano E et al. Results obtained in the management of materno-fetal isoimmunization to the Rh factor in the Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3 of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Ginecol Obstet Mex 1973;34:429-443.

25. Working party BCSH Blood Transfusion. The estimation of fetomaternal haemorrhage. Transfusion Med 1999;9:87-92.

26. OchsenbeiniImhof N, Ochsenbein AF, Seinfert B, Huch A, Huch R, Zimmermann R. Quantification of fetomaternal hemorrhage by fluorescence microscopy is equivalent to flow cytometry. Transfusion 2002;42:947-953.

27. Crowther C, Middleton P. Anti-D administration after childbirth for preventing Rhesus alloimmunization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000021.

28. Crowther CA, Keirse MJ. Anti-D administration in pregnancy for preventing rhesus alloimmunization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2): CD000020.

29. Anonymous. American College of Obstetrician and Ginecologist. practice bulletin. Prevention of Rh D alloinmmunization. Number 4, May 1999 (replaces educational bulletin Number 147, October 1990). Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician Gynecologist. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1999 Jul;66(1):63-70.

30. Lee D, Contreras M, Robson SC, Rodeck CH, Whittle MJ. Recommendations for the use of anti-D immunoglobulin for Rh prophylaxis. British Blood Transfusion Society and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Transfus Med 1999;9:93-97.

31. Bichler J, Schondorfer G, Pabst G, Andresen I. Pharmacokinetics of anti-D IgG in pregnant RhD-negative women. BJOG 2003;110:39-45.

32. Chilcott J, Lloyd JM, Wight J, Forman K, Wray J, Beverly C et al. A review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness and costeffectiveness of routine anti-D prophylaxis for pregnant women who are rhesus-negative. Health Technol Assess 2003;7:iii-62.

33. Bowman J. Thirty-five years of Rh prophylaxis. Transfusion 2003;43:1661-1666.

34. Secretaría de Salud. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-007-SSA2-1993, Atención de la mujer durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio y del recién nacido. Criterios y procedimientos para la prestación del servicio. México, DF: Diario Oficial de la Federación, 6 de enero de 1995. Secretaría de Salud. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-003-SSA2-1993, para la disposición de sangre humana y sus componentes con fines terapéuticos. México, DF: Diario Oficial de la Federación, 18 de Julio de 1994.

35. Texto 3

36. Hernández-Andrade E, Ahued-Ahued JR. Sangrado transvaginal durante el embarazo, como factor de riesgo para isoinmunización al antígeno Rhesus-D. Salud Publica Mex 2003;45:492-496.

37. Bowman JM, Pollock JM, Penston LE. Fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage during pregnancy and after delivery. Vox Sang 1986;51:117-121.

38. Jabara S, Barnhart K. Is Rh immune globulin needed in early first-trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;623-627.

39. Pelikan D, Mesker W, Scherjon,Humphrey S, Kanhai HH, Tanke H. Improvement of the Kleihauer-Betke test by automated detection of fetal erythrocytes in maternal blood. Cytometry 2003;54B:1-9.

40. Chen J, Davis,BH, Wood B, Warzynsk MJ. Multicenter clinical experience with flow

41. cytometric method for fetomaternal hemorrhage detection. Cytometry 2002; 50:285-290.

42. Working Party of the BCSH Blood Transfusion and General Haematology. The estimation of fetomaternal haemorrhage. Transfusion Med 1999;9:87-92.

43. National Blood Transfusion Service Immunoglobuline Working Party. Recommendations for the use of anti-D immunoglobuline. Prescribers Journal 1991;31:137-145.

44. Robson S, Lee D, Urbaniak S. Anti-D immunoglobuline in RhD prophylaxis. BJOG 1998;105:129-134.

45. Fung Kee FK, Eason E, Crane J, Armson A, De La Ronde S, Farine D et al. Maternal-Fetal Medicine Committee, Genetics Committee. Prevention of Rh alloimmunization. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2003 Sep;25(9):765-773.

46. Crowther CA. Anti-D administration in pregnancy for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation (Cochrane Review). En: The Cochrane Library 2004; Issue 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

47. Baptista-González H, Rosenfeld-Mann F, Leiss-Marquez T. Prevención de la isoinmunización materna al RhD con gamaglobulina anti-D. Salud Publica Mex 2001;43: 52-58.

48. Texto 4

49. Marthaller TM, Mejía R, Tóth Viñes JJ. Cariespreventive salt fluoridation. Caries Res 1978;12 (Suppl1):15-21.

50. Bergmann KE, Bergmann RL. Salt fluoridation and general health. Adv Dent Res 1995;9(2): 138-143.

51. Estupiñán-Day D. Overview of salt fluoridation in the region of the Americas: Part 1. The strategies, cost-benefit analysis, and legal mechanisms utilized in the national programs of salt fluoridation. Salt 2000, 8th World Salt Symposium, 2000;2: 983-988.

52. Marthaller TM, Schenardi C. Inhibition of caries in children after 51/2 years use of

53. fluoridated table salto Helv Odont Acta 1962;6:1-6.

54. Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia. Norma Oficial Mexicana -040-SSA-1981. Reglamento de Yodatación y Fluoruración de la Sal. México, DF: Diario Oficial de la Federación, 26 de marzo de 1981:20-22.

55. Secretaría de Salud. Norma Oficial Mexicana - 040-SSAl-1993. Bienes y Servicios. Sal Yodada, Sal Yodada y Fluorurada. Especificaciones Sanitarias. México, DF: Diario Oficial de la Federación, 13 de marzo de 1995.

56. Maupomé-Carvantes G, Jaramillo-Lanchero RD, Andrade-Delgado LC, Juárez-Reyes PL, López-Pérez R, Sánchez-Navarro W, et al. Fluoride content of table salt in Mexico City. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1995;119(3):195-201.

57. Girón-Amaya CN. Concentración de flúor en la sal para consumo humano distribuida en México, DF. (Tesis). México, DF: Universidad Tecnológica de México; 1999.

58. Martínez-Mier EA, Soto-Rojas AE, Urena-Cirett JL, Stookey GK, Dunipace AJ. Fluoride analysis of table salt samples from México. J Dent Res 2001;80:47.

59. Texto 6

60. Vázquez-Martínez JL, Coreño-Juárez MO, Montaño-Estrada LF, Attlan M, Gómez-Dantés H. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 2003;45:165-170.

61. Ganem D, Prince AM. Hepatitis B virus infection. Natural history and clinical consequences. N Engl J Med 2004;350: 1118-1129.

62. Broderick AL, Jonas MM. Hepatitis B in children. Seminars in liver disease 2003;23: 59-68.

63. BIO-RAD (antes Sanofi-Diagnostics Pasteur). Instructivo del uso del reactivo Monolisa Ag HBs Plus. México, DF: BIO-RAD; 2004:50.

64. Juárez-Figueroa L, Uribe-Salas F, Conde-Glez C, Hernández-Avila M, Olamendi-Portugal M, Uribe-Zúñiga P et al. Low prevalence of hepatitis B markers among Mexican female sex workers. Sex Transm Infect 1998;76:448-450.

65. Uribe-Salas F, Conde-Glez C, Juárez-Figueroa L, Hernández-Castellanos A. Sociodemographic dynamics and sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers at the Mexican-Guatemalan border. Sex Transm Dis 2003;30:266-271.

66. Juárez-Figueroa L, Uribe-Salas F, Conde-Glez C, Hernández-Avila M, Hernández-Nevárez P, Uribe-Zúñiga P et al. Hepatitis B markers in men seeking HIV antibody testing in Mexico City. Sex Transm Dis 1997;24:211-217.

67. Texto 7

68. Burda MR, Gunther S, Dandri M, et al. Structural and functional heterogeneity of naturally occurring hepatitis B virus variant. Antiviral Res. 2001;52:125-138.

69. Yang HI, Lu SN, Liaw YF, et al. Hepatitis B e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. New Engl J Med. 2002;347:168-174.

70. Suslov AP, Kuzin SN, Sadikova NV, Elgort DA, Feldsherova AA, Nikolaev VL et al. Performance of ELISA HBsAg test kits with use of the different types of panels containing HBsAg. Russian Journal of Inmunology. 2000;5(2): 218-226.

71. McCall NT, Parks P, Smith K, Pope G, Griggs M. The prevalence of major depression or dysthymia among aged Medicare Fee-for-Service beneficiaries. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;17:557-565.

72. Valvanne J, Juva K, Erkinjuntti T, Tilvis R. Major depression in the elderly: A population study in Helsinki. Int Psychogeriatr 1996;8:437-443.

73. Berardi D, Menchetti M, De Ronchi D, Rucci P, Leggieri G, Ferrari G. Late-life depression in primary care: A nationwide Italian epidemiological survey. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:77-83.

74. Gostynski M, Ajdacic-Gross V, Gutzwiller F, Michel JP, Herrmann F. Depression among the elderly in Switzerland. Nervenarzt 2002;73: 851-860.

75. Thongtang O, Sukhatunga K, Ngamthipwatthana T, Chulakadabba S, Vuthiganond S, Pooviboonsuk P. Prevalence andincidence of depression in the Thai elderly. JMed Assoc Thai 2002;85:540-544.

76. Unutzer J. Diagnosis and treatment of older adults with depression in primary care. Biol Psychiatry 2002;52:285-292.

77. Brown MN, Lapane KL, Luis AF. The management of depression in older nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50: 69-76.

78. Penninx BW, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, Deeg DJ, Wallace RB. Depressive symptoms and physical decline in communitydwelling older persons. JAMA 1998;279: 1720-1726.

79. Wagner FA, Gallo JJ, Delva J. Depression in late life: A hidden public health problem for Mexico? Salud Publica Mex 1999;41:189-202.

80. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 1982-83;17:37-49.

81. Chan AC. Clinical validation of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Chinese version. J Aging Health 1996;8:238-253.

82. Fernández-San Martín MI, Andrade C, Molina J, Muñoz PE, Carretero B, Rodríguez M et al. Validation of the Spanish version of the geriatric depression scale (GDS) in primary care. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;17:279-287.

83. Pichot P, López-Ibor Aliño JJ, Valdés-Miyar M. DSM-IV. Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales. Barcelona: Masson, SA; 1995.

84. Snowdon J, Donnelly N. A study of depression in nursing homes. J Psychiatr Res 1986;20:327-333.

85. Teresi J, Abrams R, Holmes D, Ramírez M, Eimicke J. Prevalence of depression and depression recognition in nursing homes. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2001;36:613-620.

86. Parmelee PA, Katz IR, Lawton MP. Depression among institutionalized aged: Assessment and prevalence estimation. J Gerontol 1989;44:M22-29.

87. Hernández AE, Ahued AR. Sangrado transvaginal durante el embarazo, como factor de riesgo para isoinmunización al antígeno Rhesus-D. Salud Publica Mex 2003;45:492-496.

88. Cepeda AG, Sentíes L, Fiorelli FE, Garcete JA. Prevention of post-partum Rh-factor isoinmunization. Experience of the Hospital 1st Gynecological-Obstetrical of the Mexican Institute of Social Security. Ginecol Obstet Mex 1975;37:83-91.

89. Zavala C, Velázquez-Ferrari MA, Navarrete C, Rosales-Corona J, Lisker R. Estimation of the number of females at risk of isoimmunization to the Rho (D) antigen in a sample of the population attended at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Arch Invest Med (Mex) 1983;14:199-206.

90. Zavala C, Salamanca F. Mothers at risk of alloimmunization to the Rh (D) antigen and availability of gamma-globulin at the Mexican Institute of Social Security. Arch Med Res 1996 Autumn;27(3):373-376.

91. Baptista GHA, Rosenfeld MF, Leiss MT. Prevention of maternal RhD isoimmunizationwith anti-D gamma isoinmmunization. Salud Publica Mex 200;43:52-58.

92. Avalos CJ, Díaz EJC, Bravo SJ, Ruiz VV, Zárate-Sal H, Ayllon-Solórzano E et al. Results obtained in the management of materno-fetal isoimmunization to the Rh factor in the Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3 of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Ginecol Obstet Mex 1973;34:429-443.

93. Working party BCSH Blood Transfusion. The estimation of fetomaternal haemorrhage. Transfusion Med 1999;9:87-92.

94. OchsenbeiniImhof N, Ochsenbein AF, Seinfert B, Huch A, Huch R, Zimmermann R. Quantification of fetomaternal hemorrhage by fluorescence microscopy is equivalent to flow cytometry. Transfusion 2002;42:947-953.

95. Crowther C, Middleton P. Anti-D administration after childbirth for preventing Rhesus alloimmunization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000021.

96. Crowther CA, Keirse MJ. Anti-D administration in pregnancy for preventing rhesus alloimmunization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2): CD000020.

97. Anonymous. American College of Obstetrician and Ginecologist. practice bulletin. Prevention of Rh D alloinmmunization. Number 4, May 1999 (replaces educational bulletin Number 147, October 1990). Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician Gynecologist. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1999 Jul;66(1):63-70.

98. Lee D, Contreras M, Robson SC, Rodeck CH, Whittle MJ. Recommendations for the use of anti-D immunoglobulin for Rh prophylaxis. British Blood Transfusion Society and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Transfus Med 1999;9:93-97.

99. Bichler J, Schondorfer G, Pabst G, Andresen I. Pharmacokinetics of anti-D IgG in pregnant RhD-negative women. BJOG 2003;110:39-45.

100. Chilcott J, Lloyd JM, Wight J, Forman K, Wray J, Beverly C et al. A review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness and costeffectiveness of routine anti-D prophylaxis for pregnant women who are rhesus-negative. Health Technol Assess 2003;7:iii-62.

101. Bowman J. Thirty-five years of Rh prophylaxis. Transfusion 2003;43:1661-1666.

102. Secretaría de Salud. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-007-SSA2-1993, Atención de la mujer durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio y del recién nacido. Criterios y procedimientos para la prestación del servicio. México, DF: Diario Oficial de la Federación, 6 de enero de 1995. Secretaría de Salud. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-003-SSA2-1993, para la disposición de sangre humana y sus componentes con fines terapéuticos. México, DF: Diario Oficial de la Federación, 18 de Julio de 1994.

103. Hernández-Andrade E, Ahued-Ahued JR. Sangrado transvaginal durante el embarazo, como factor de riesgo para isoinmunización al antígeno Rhesus-D. Salud Publica Mex 2003;45:492-496.

104. Bowman JM, Pollock JM, Penston LE. Fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage during pregnancy and after delivery. Vox Sang 1986;51:117-121.

105. Jabara S, Barnhart K. Is Rh immune globulin needed in early first-trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;623-627.

106. Pelikan D, Mesker W, Scherjon,Humphrey S, Kanhai HH, Tanke H. Improvement of the Kleihauer-Betke test by automated detection of fetal erythrocytes in maternal blood. Cytometry 2003;54B:1-9.

107. Chen J, Davis,BH, Wood B, Warzynsk MJ. Multicenter clinical experience with flow

108. cytometric method for fetomaternal hemorrhage detection. Cytometry 2002; 50:285-290.

109. Working Party of the BCSH Blood Transfusion and General Haematology. The estimation of fetomaternal haemorrhage. Transfusion Med 1999;9:87-92.

110. National Blood Transfusion Service Immunoglobuline Working Party. Recommendations for the use of anti-D immunoglobuline. Prescribers Journal 1991;31:137-145.

111. Robson S, Lee D, Urbaniak S. Anti-D immunoglobuline in RhD prophylaxis. BJOG 1998;105:129-134.

112. Fung Kee FK, Eason E, Crane J, Armson A, De La Ronde S, Farine D et al. Maternal-Fetal Medicine Committee, Genetics Committee. Prevention of Rh alloimmunization. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2003 Sep;25(9):765-773.

113. Crowther CA. Anti-D administration in pregnancy for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation (Cochrane Review). En: The Cochrane Library 2004; Issue 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

114. Baptista-González H, Rosenfeld-Mann F, Leiss-Marquez T. Prevención de la isoinmunización materna al RhD con gamaglobulina anti-D. Salud Publica Mex 2001;43: 52-58.

115. Marthaller TM, Mejía R, Tóth Viñes JJ. Cariespreventive salt fluoridation. Caries Res 1978;12 (Suppl1):15-21.

116. Bergmann KE, Bergmann RL. Salt fluoridation and general health. Adv Dent Res 1995;9(2): 138-143.

117. Estupiñán-Day D. Overview of salt fluoridation in the region of the Americas: Part 1. The strategies, cost-benefit analysis, and legal mechanisms utilized in the national programs of salt fluoridation. Salt 2000, 8th World Salt Symposium, 2000;2: 983-988.

118. Marthaller TM, Schenardi C. Inhibition of caries in children after 51/2 years use of

119. fluoridated table salto Helv Odont Acta 1962;6:1-6.

120. Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia. Norma Oficial Mexicana -040-SSA-1981. Reglamento de Yodatación y Fluoruración de la Sal. México, DF: Diario Oficial de la Federación, 26 de marzo de 1981:20-22.

121. Secretaría de Salud. Norma Oficial Mexicana - 040-SSAl-1993. Bienes y Servicios. Sal Yodada, Sal Yodada y Fluorurada. Especificaciones Sanitarias. México, DF: Diario Oficial de la Federación, 13 de marzo de 1995.

122. Maupomé-Carvantes G, Jaramillo-Lanchero RD, Andrade-Delgado LC, Juárez-Reyes PL, López-Pérez R, Sánchez-Navarro W, et al. Fluoride content of table salt in Mexico City. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1995;119(3):195-201.

123. Girón-Amaya CN. Concentración de flúor en la sal para consumo humano distribuida en México, DF. (Tesis). México, DF: Universidad Tecnológica de México; 1999.

124. Martínez-Mier EA, Soto-Rojas AE, Urena-Cirett JL, Stookey GK, Dunipace AJ. Fluoride analysis of table salt samples from México. J Dent Res 2001;80:47.

125. Vázquez-Martínez JL, Coreño-Juárez MO, Montaño-Estrada LF, Attlan M, Gómez-Dantés H. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 2003;45:165-170.

126. Ganem D, Prince AM. Hepatitis B virus infection. Natural history and clinical consequences. N Engl J Med 2004;350: 1118-1129.

127. Broderick AL, Jonas MM. Hepatitis B in children. Seminars in liver disease 2003;23: 59-68.

128. BIO-RAD (antes Sanofi-Diagnostics Pasteur). Instructivo del uso del reactivo Monolisa Ag HBs Plus. México, DF: BIO-RAD; 2004:50.

129. Juárez-Figueroa L, Uribe-Salas F, Conde-Glez C, Hernández-Avila M, Olamendi-Portugal M, Uribe-Zúñiga P et al. Low prevalence of hepatitis B markers among Mexican female sex workers. Sex Transm Infect 1998;76:448-450.

130. Uribe-Salas F, Conde-Glez C, Juárez-Figueroa L, Hernández-Castellanos A. Sociodemographic dynamics and sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers at the Mexican-Guatemalan border. Sex Transm Dis 2003;30:266-271.

131. Juárez-Figueroa L, Uribe-Salas F, Conde-Glez C, Hernández-Avila M, Hernández-Nevárez P, Uribe-Zúñiga P et al. Hepatitis B markers in men seeking HIV antibody testing in Mexico City. Sex Transm Dis 1997;24:211-217.

132. Burda MR, Gunther S, Dandri M, et al. Structural and functional heterogeneity of naturally occurring hepatitis B virus variant. Antiviral Res. 2001;52:125-138.

133. Yang HI, Lu SN, Liaw YF, et al. Hepatitis B e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. New Engl J Med. 2002;347:168-174.

134. Suslov AP, Kuzin SN, Sadikova NV, Elgort DA, Feldsherova AA, Nikolaev VL et al. Performance of ELISA HBsAg test kits with use of the different types of panels containing HBsAg. Russian Journal of Inmunology. 2000;5(2): 218-226.