Lomelí C, Rosas M, Mendoza-González C, Méndez A, Lorenzo JA, Buendía A, Férez-Santander SM, Attie F

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 33
Paginas: 82-93
Archivo PDF: 156.50 Kb.

RESUMEN

La pandemia de obesidad en el niño y adolescente, el riesgo de desarrollar hipertrofia ventricular y la evidencia del desarrollo temprano de la aterosclerosis en niños, hace necesaria una detección temprana y una intervención oportuna en la hipertensión de la niñez para reducir riesgos de salud a largo plazo; sin embargo, los datos epidemiológicos de apoyo a las cifras de referencia son escasos. La hipertensión secundaria es más común en niños preadolescentes, y una buena proporción está en relación a enfermedad renal. La hipertensión arterial sistémica esencial es más común en adolescentes y tiene múltiples factores de riesgo asociados, incluyendo obesidad, y antecedentes familiares. La evaluación clínica integral implica una historia cuidadosa y un examen físico completo, pruebas de laboratorio y estudios especiales. Los tratamientos no farmacológicos incluyen la reducción del peso, ejercicio, y modificaciones dietéticas. Las recomendaciones para el tratamiento farmacológico se basan sobre todo en la hipertensión sintomática, evidencia de daño a órganos blancos y la hipertensión arterial que no reduce con las modificaciones de la forma de vida, o bien, la hipertensión arterial asociada con diabetes mellitus en donde la búsqueda de microalbuminuria está justificada.

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