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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2004, Número 6

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salud publica mex 2004; 46 (6)


Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados: variantes, métodos de aleatorización, análisis, consideraciones éticas y regulación

Lazcano-Ponce E, Salazar-Martínez E, Gutiérrez-Castrellón P, Angeles-Llerenas A, Hernández-Garduño A, Viramontes JL

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 65
Paginas: 559-584
Archivo PDF: 207.58 Kb.


FRAGMENTO

Los estudios epidemiológicos son clasificados, según se asigna la exposición, en experimentales y observacionales. La característica principal de los estudios experimentales es que el investigador asigna en forma aleatoria a la exposición. En relación con la característica de temporalidad, estos estudios son de carácter prospectivo, y por el número de observaciones sucesivas realizadas durante el periodo de estudio, son catalogados como longitudinales. Asimismo, a diferencia de los diseños de investigación observacional, donde los criterios de selección de la población se basan en la presencia del desenlace (casos y controles) o exposición (cohorte), los estudios experimentales no tienen estos dos criterios de selección y, generalmente, incluyen poblaciones homogéneas que puedan ser comparables en cuanto a su condición de enfermedad y características biológicas y sociodemográficas. En estos estudios las unidades de análisis pueden ser individuales o grupales (”clusters” o intervenciones comunitarias).


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