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2007, Número S4

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Arch Cardiol Mex 2007; 77 (S4)


PPARs, síndrome metabólico y enfermedad cardíaca

Carvajal K, Hernández-Esquivel ML, Moreno-Sánchez R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 44
Paginas: 66-76
Archivo PDF: 242.08 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los receptores nucleares PPARs (Receptores Activados por Proliferadores Peroxisomales) son factores de transcripción que se activan por la unión de ligandos específicos (naturales o sintéticos) y regulan la expresión de genes involucrados en el metabolismo de los lípidos y de la glucosa, formando así una conexión directa entre las señales extracelulares y la expresión de genes. Existen tres subtipos de PPARs, los PPARα, PPARβ/δ y PPARγ, cuya expresión es tejido-específica. La activación farmacológica de estos receptores con ligandos específicos ha permitido evidenciar su papel en la fisiología celular. Actualmente se utilizan en la clínica dos tipos de activadores, los fibratos específicos para los PPARa con efecto hipolipemiante, y las tiazolidinedionas o glitazonas, agonistas PPARγ con acción hipoglucemiante, cuyos principales efectos radican en la activación de la oxidación y movilización de lípidos, y en la sensibilización de los tejidos periféricos a la acción de la insulina. Además de su efecto benéfico sobre la homeostasis lipídica y de la glucosa, la activación de los PPARs confiere protección al miocardio en el desarrollo de enfermedades y participa en la modulación de la respuesta inflamatoria. Recientemente se han desarrollado agonistas específicos para los receptores PPARβ/δ y agonistas híbridos para PPARs α y γ; su aplicación preliminar en la clínica es prometedora para el tratamiento del síndrome metabólico, la diabetes tipo 2 y la enfermedad cardíaca.


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