2007, Número 4
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Rev Med Hosp Gen Mex 2007; 70 (4)
Fenotipos de resistencia a antibióticos en cepas de Escherichia coli diarreogénicas detectadas en infantes mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa multiplex
Paniagua-Contreras GL, Monroy-Pérez E, Vaca-Pacheco S
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 42
Paginas: 158-167
Archivo PDF: 183.60 Kb.
RESUMEN
El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la resistencia a antibióticos en cepas de
E. coli diarreogénicas detectadas en infantes por el método de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) multiplex. Las muestras fecales obtenidas de niños con diarrea (grupo de pacientes, n = 174) y de niños sin síntomas de enfermedad (grupo control, n = 30) fueron analizadas. El 25.2% (n = 44) de las muestras diarreicas fue positivo para algún tipo de
E. coli. Los patotipos encontrados fueron VTEC con el 12% (n = 21, de las cuales dos cepas pertenecieron al serogrupo O157:H7); ETEC 8.6% (n = 15); EPEC 2.9% (n = 5); EIEC 1.7% (n = 3). Solamente una muestra del grupo control fue positiva para
E. coli diarreogénica (ETEC, 0.6%). La mayoría de las cepas fueron resistentes a cefalotina, carbenicilina, ampicilina y trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol.
Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar fue identificada en el 66% (n = 114) de los niños enfermos, seguido de
Giardia intestinalis con el 50% (n = 50),
Shigella flexneri con el 3% (n = 3),
Shigella sonnei con el 2% (n = 2) y
Salmonella typhimurium con el 2% (n = 2).
Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, y
Giardia intestinalis fueron encontradas en el 50% (n = 15) y 56.6% (n = 17) del grupo control, respectivamente. La asociación de varios enteropatógenos en los infantes enfermos, reflejó lo agudo de las infecciones, por lo que fue necesario iniciar inmediatamente el tratamiento médico correspondiente.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Kosek M, Bern C, Guerranl RL. The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Bull WHO 2003; 81: 197–204.
Huilan S, Zhen LG, Mathan MM, Mathew MM, Olarte J, Espejo R, Khin MU, Ghafoor MA, Khan MA, Sami Z. Etiology of acute diarrhoea among children in developing countries: a multicentre study in five countries. Bull WHO 1991; 69: 549–555.
Nataro JP, Kaper JB. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998; 11: 142–201.
Eslava C, Villaseca JM, Cravioto A. Cepas de Escherichia coli relacionadas con la diarrea. En: Giono-Cerezo S, Escobar-Gutiérrez A, Valdespino GJL (eds). Diagnóstico de laboratorio de infecciones gastrointestinales. México: Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, 1993; 251-265.
Girón JA, Yue AS, Schoolnik GK. An inducible blundle-forming pilus of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Science 1991; 254: 710-713.
Girón JA, Donnenberg MS, Martin WC, Jarvis KG, Kaper JB. Distribution of the bundle-forming filus structural gene (bfpA) among enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 1993; 168: 1037-1041.
Levine MM, Edelman R. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of classic serotypes associated with infant diarrhea: Epidemiology and pathogenesis. Epidemiol Rev 1984; 6: 31-51.
Fukushima H, Hoshina K, Gomyoda M. Selective isolation of eae-positive strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 1684-1687.
Boerlin P, Travis R, Gyles, CL, Reid-Smith R, Janecko N, Lim H, Nicholson V, McEwen AS, Friendship R, Archambault M. Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Swine in Notario. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71: 6753–6761.
Al-Gallas N, Abbassi SM, Hassan AB, Aissa RB. Genotypic and phenotypic profiles of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli associated with acute diarrhea in Tunis, Tunisia. Current Microbiol 2007; 55: 47–55.
Maradi S, Georgiladakis, Tselentis Y, Samonis G. A 5 years study of the bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrhoea on the islands of Crete, Greece, and their resistance to antibiotics. Eur J Epidemiol 2002; 18: 85-90.
Bellin T, Pulz M, Matussek A, Hempen HG, Gunzer F. Rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli by real-time PCR with fluorescent hybridization probes. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 370–374.
Svenungsson B, Lagergren A, Ekwall E, Evengård B, Hedlund KO, Kärnell A, Löfdahl S, Svensson L, Weintraub A. Enteropathogens in adult patients with diarrhea and healthy control subjects: A 1-year prospective study in a Swedish clinic for infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 770–778.
Gannon VPJ, D’Souza S, Graham T, King RK, Rahn K, Read S. Use of flagellar H7 gene as target in multiplex PCR assays and improved specificity in identification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 656–62.
Trung VN, Phung LV, Chinh LH, Khanh NG, Andrej W. Detection and characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from young children in Hanoi, Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 755–760.
Albert MJ, Faruque SM, Faruque ASG, NeogI PKB, Ansaruzzaman M, Bhuiyan NA, Alam K, Akbar MS. Controlled study of Escherichia coli diarrheal infections in Bangladeshi children. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 973–977.
Okeke IN, Lamikanra A, Steinru H, CK, Kaper JB. Characterization of Escherichia coli strains from cases of childhood diarrhea in Provincial Southwestern Nigeria. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38: 7-12.
González R, Díaz C, Marino M, Cloralt R, Pequeneze M, Pérez SI. Age-specific prevalence of Escherichia coli with localized and aggregative adherence in Venezuelan infants with acute diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 1103-1107.
Puccinelli OP, Silva T, Gleiciene MF, Alves F, De Almeida CRP, Durlacher Rui, Pereira da Silva HL. Enteropathogens associated with diarrheal disease in infants of poor urban areas of Porto Velho, Rondônia: a preliminary study. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 2001; 96 (5): 621-625.
Torres ME, Pírez MC, Schelotto F, Varela G, Parodi V, Allende F, Falconi E, Dell’acqua L, Gaione P, MéndezV M, Ferrari AM, Montano, Zanetta AE, Acuña AM, Chiparelli H, Ingold E. Etiology of children’s diarrhea in Montevideo, Uruguay: Associated pathogens and unusual isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 2134–2139.
Griffin PM, Tauxe RV. The epidemiology of infections caused by Escherichia coli 0157: H7, other enterohemorrhagic E. coli, and the associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Epidemiol Rev 1991: 13: 60-98.
Blanco M, Blanco JE, Blanco J. González EA. Alonso MP. Prevalence and characteristics of human and bovine verotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated in Galicia (northwestern Spain). Eur J Epidemiol. 1996; 12: 13- 19.
Boyce TG, Swerdlow DL, Griffin PM. Current concepts: Escherichia coli O157: H7 and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med 1995: 333: 364–368.
Marks S, Roberts T. E. coli O157: H7 ranks as the fourth most costly foodborne disease. Food Saf 1993; 51–55.
Viboud GI, Jouve MJ, Binsztein N, Vergara M, Rivas M, Quiroga M, Svennerholm AM. Prospective cohort study of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in Argentinean children. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 2829–2833.
Wolk M, Ohad E, Shafran R, Safir S, Cohen Y, Wiklund G, Svennerholm AM. Epidemiological aspects of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea in infants in the Jerusalem area. Public Health Rev 1995; 23: 25–33.
Cortés OIA, Rodríguez AG, Moreno EEA, Tenorio LJM, Torres MBP, Montiel VE. Brote causado por Escherichia coli en Chalco, México. Sal Pub Mex 2002; 44: 297-302.
Qadri F, Das SK, Faruque AS, Fuchs GJ, Albert MJ, Sack RB. Prevalence of toxin types and colonization factors in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated during a 2-year period from diarrheal patients in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 27-31.
Rodríguez AG. Principales características y diagnóstico de los grupos patógenos de Escherichia coli. Sal Pub Mex. 2002; 44: 464-475.
Cravioto A, Reyes RE, Ortega R. Prospective study of diarrhoeal disease in a cohort of rural Mexican children: Incidence and isolated pathogens during the first two years of life. Epidemiol Rev 1988; 101: 123.
Cravioto A, Reyes RE, Trujillo F, Uribe F, Navarro A, de la Roca JM, Hernandez JM, Perez G, Vazquez V. Risk of diarrhea during the first year of life associated with initial and subsequent colonization by specific enteropathogens. Am Epidemiol 1990; 131: 886–904.
Gomes TAT, Rassi V, Macdonald KL, Ramos SRTS, Trabulsi LR, Vieira MAM, Guth BEC, Candeias JAN, Ivey C, Toledo MRF, Blake PA. Enteropathogens associated with acute diarrheal disease in urban infants in São Paulo, Brazil. J Infect Dis 1991; 164: 331–337.
Browne Robins RM, Levine MM, Rowe B, Gabriel EM. Failure to detect conventional enterotoxins in classical enteropathogenic (serotyped) Escherichia coli strains of proven pathogenicity Infect. Immun 1982; 38: 798–801.
Valdespino JL, García ML, Del Río A. Epidemiología y etiología de las diarreas infecciosas. El caso de México. Rev Lat Microbiol 1994; 36 (4): 307-324.
Kopecko DJL. Baron S, Buysse J. Genetic determinants of virulence in Shigella and dysenteric strains of Escherichia coli: Their involvement in the pathogenesis of dysentery. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1985; 118: 71–95.
Makino S, Sasakawa C, Yoshikawa M. Genetic relatedness of the basic replicon of the virulence plasmid in shigellae and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Microbiol Pathog 1988; 5: 267–274.
DuPont HL, Ericsson CD, Mathewson JJ, de la Cabada FJ, Conrad DA. Oral aztreonam, a poorly absorbed yet effective therapy for bacterial diarrhea in US travelers to Mexico. JAMA 1992; 267: 1932–1935.
Bern C, Martines J, Zousa I, Glass RI. The magnitude of the global problem of diarrhoeal disease: A ten years update. Bull WHO. 1992; 70: 705-714.
Walsh JA. Problems in recognition and diagnosis of amebiasis: Estimation of the global magnitude of morbitidity and mortality. Rev Infect Dis. 1986; 8: 228-237.
Sánchez-Vega JT, Zavala JT, Guerrero LR, Cabello RR, Sánchez DR, García CR. Frecuencia de parasitosis intestinales en asentamientos humanos irregulares. Rev Fac Med 2000; 3; 80-83.
Gutiérrez GL, Montiel VE, Aguilera PP, González AMC. Serotipos de Salmonella identificadas en los servicios de salud de México. Sal Pub Mex 2000; 42: 490-495.
Shariff MMK, Bhan SK, Das BK, Saini S, Kumar R. Evaluation of the fluorescence actin staining test for detection of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 386–389.