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1998, Número 3

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Vet Mex 1998; 29 (3)


Tecnologías para la evaluación objetiva de las canales de animales de abasto

López PMG, Rubio LMS

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 61
Paginas: 279-289
Archivo PDF: 1164.74 Kb.


RESUMEN

El conocimiento de las diferencias entre las canales de animales de abasto ha tenido un impacto económico tan grande que en muchas ocasiones ha marcado cambios importantes en el curso de la industria cárnica internacional. Las canales de mayor valor en el mercado son las de mayor rendimiento y las de mejor calidad (definida esta última como las características sensoriales preferidas por los consumidores). En muchos países del mundo, el valor económico de la canal se determina a través de una evaluación de las características de la canal que proporcionan información sobre el rendimiento y la calidad. La predicción de la calidad y el rendimiento se puede hacer de forma subjetiva (estimación por especialistas) u objetiva (con base en mediciones directas en las canales). Dentro de la metodología objetiva se han logrado grandes avances usando instrumentos destinados a estimar las características más significativas de la canal. La tecnología instrumental registra uno o más de los siguientes atributos: cantidad de grasa, cantidad de hueso y músculo. En este trabajo se revisan algunas de las tecnologías más estudiadas a nivel internacional, entre las que se encuentran el ultrasonido, la conductividad eléctrica y las imágenes en video. La ventaja principal de estos instrumentos es que ofrecen la posibilidad de obtener medidas de las canales sin la necesidad de interpretación subjetiva del hombre; sin embargo, la principal desventaja se centra en la dificultad en su manejo y aplicación. Por estas razones, es indispensable que los instrumentos de medición empleados tengan la capacidad de registrar medidas exactas, precisas y repetitivas de las características de la canal. La investigación de técnicas de evaluación de canales debe enfocarse al desarrollo de equipo de fácil manejo, que se pueda emplear en los rastros sin interrumpir la línea de sacrificio y que, además, proporcionen datos lo más exacto posibles de las canales que evalúan.


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