2007, Número S2
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Gac Med Mex 2007; 143 (S2)
Redescubriendo el anticuerpo a hepatitis C. Nuevas estrategias de escrutinio y diagnóstico
Contreras-Navarro AM, Tornero-Romo CM, Orozco-Hernández A, Hernández-Lugo MI, Romero-Flores P, Celis RA
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 3-12
Archivo PDF: 126.87 Kb.
RESUMEN
El anticuerpo a hepatitis C (anti-HCV) es la prueba de escrutinio para la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C (HCV). Recientemente se han reconocido las siguientes características del anticuerpo: (a) es una prueba semicuantitativa que se expresa con el índice S/CO, (b) tiene elevada concordancia entre duplicados, (c) el índice S/CO varía con la generación y el método del inmunoensayo, (d) los resultados falsos y verdaderos positivos del anti-HCV y su relación con el índice S/CO, así como (e) el nivel alto del índice S/CO es un marcador serológico de viremia. Una prueba única es suficiente para concluir reactividad del anti-HCV, por lo que se propone una nueva estrategia de escrutinio con los ensayos de Abbott MEIA AxSYM® HCV, Ortho ChLIA VITROS® HCV y Abbott ChLIA PRISM® HCV. Las mejores estrategias de diagnóstico de hepatitis C utilizan el nivel del índice S/CO para elegir la prueba complementaria (RIBA o HCV RNA) que confirme el diagnóstico de hepatitis C. Los niveles bajos del índice S/CO predicen resultados falsos positivos del anti-HCV y los niveles altos se relacionan con los resultados verdaderos positivos y además son marcadores serológicos de viremia: estos niveles son específicos para cada inmunoensayo, debido a las diferencias entre los métodos. El reporte del anti-HCV debe modificarse para incluir la reactividad (evitar la interpretación del resultado como positivo o negativo), la generación y el método del inmunoensayo, el nivel del índice S/CO y la guía de interpretación con la prueba complementaria recomendada. La aplicación de las nuevas estrategias y recomendaciones reducirá los costos e incrementará la eficiencia del escrutinio y diagnóstico de la hepatitis C.
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