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2007, Número 1

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Gac Med Mex 2007; 143 (1)


Síndrome del espectro autista. Importancia del diagnóstico temprano

Limon A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 73-78
Archivo PDF: 54.22 Kb.


RESUMEN

El autismo, ahora conocido como síndrome del espectro autista (SEA), es un trastorno neuropsiquiátrico que comienza antes de los tres años de edad y dura toda la vida. Los síntomas conductuales y cognitivos parecen ser el resultado de una conectividad sináptica anormal que conduce a alteraciones en el filtrado de la información sensorial, limitando su integración y procesamiento neuronal. El autismo no es un trastorno neurodegenerativo por lo que, en condiciones adecuadas, su sintomatología puede mejorar con el tiempo. Esto se debe a que el individuo autista aprende a filtrar la información sensorial por medio de centros neuronales alternativos, lo que favorece su comprensión del medio que lo rodea y por consecuencia le permite aprender. La intervención temprana en infantes, diagnosticados antes de los dos años de edad, mejora notablemente el pronóstico. Actualmente el SEA puede ser detectado alrededor de los 18 meses de edad, pero los padres y expertos en autismo pueden detectar los síntomas aun antes. La participación del sistema de salud en preparar padres, pediatras y personal de guarderías en la detección temprana del SEA es de suma importancia. Esto permitirá mejorar la calidad de vida tanto de los individuos autistas como de las personas involucradas en su cuidado.


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