Carrillo ER, Carvajal RR, Villaseñor OP

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 51
Paginas: 173-191
Archivo PDF: 163.70 Kb.

RESUMEN

En los Estados Unidos mueren 2.5 millones de personas al año, 60% de estas muertes son dentro de un hospital y 50% requirieron de manejo en la unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI). La etapa terminal de la vida y su abordaje ha adquirido gran importancia en los últimos años por las características de los pacientes que ingresan a la UTI y requiere de un entrenamiento formal de todos los especialistas que forman parte del equipo multidisciplinario que maneja al paciente grave, siendo el eje de éstos, el intensivista. Recientemente se ha demostrado que en la UTI no únicamente se aplican cuidados curativos, sino que los cuidados paliativos son parte fundamental del manejo. Los conceptos relacionados a la etapa terminal de la vida son: terapia de apoyo vital, suspensión del apoyo vital, negación del apoyo vital, calidad de vida, calidad de muerte, muerte apropiada, sedación terminal, destete terminal, muerte cerebral, donación de órganos, solicitud de estudio post mortem y cómo dar malas noticias. Dentro del entorno de la etapa terminal de la vida es fundamental el conocimiento de la voluntad e intereses del enfermo, del marco jurídico vigente, del grupo étnico y sus características socio-culturales-religiosas, la comunicación con la familia y con todo el grupo médico y paramédico, para llegar a la decisión consensada más correcta de qué hacer en la etapa terminal de la vida desde los puntos de vista éticos y legales.

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