2004, Número 4
Efectos del ejercicio aeróbico submáximo en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y obesidad o sobrepeso
Domínguez CLG, Arellano AG
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 40
Paginas: 227-233
Archivo PDF: 106.37 Kb.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: En estudio prospectivo y autocontrolado, determinar las modificaciones metabólicas
en pacientes con sobrepeso (GS) u obesidad (GO) y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM), con ejercicio
aeróbico submáximo (EASM) de 6 meses de duración.
Material y métodos: Pacientes: 31 personas con
DM tipo 2 con x de evolución de 8 años y variación de 3 a 15; edad x y DE de 55 años ± 6.3; género
femenino (n = 27) 87% y masculino (n = 4) 13% utilizando hipoglucemiantes bucales y dieta, divididos
en 2 grupos. (GS: n = 18 y GO: n = 13).
Mediciones efectuadas: Peso corporal, cálculo de peso ideal,
índice de masa corporal, determinaciones iniciales y finales de: glucosa, colesterol, triglicéridos,
hemoglobina glucosilada (Hb. glu) y cambios en TA, FC.
Intervención: EASM en ergómetro de bicicleta
con 10 minutos iniciales, con carga de 50 watts e incremento de 5 minutos semanales. Resultados: Se
observó disminución entre 5 y 10% de peso corporal en ambos grupos; la disminución de cifras de
colesterol, triglicéridos, glucosa y Hb glu resultaron estadísticamente significativos (p = 0.01),
con mayores cambios en el GS; las modificaciones en TA y FC fueron similares en ambos grupos sin
diferencia entre ellos y con diferencia de mediciones iniciales de las finales (p = 0.05); el gasto
calórico fue mayor en el GO.
Conclusiones: El EASM realizado en programas de mediana a larga duración
como parte del tratamiento en DM es más benéfico en pacientes con sobrepeso ya que auxilia en la mejoría
de los parámetros metabólicos, no obstante, mejora la condición física general en ambos grupos.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Zárate A. Un programa nacional para la atención y tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus. Gac Med Mex 1987; 123: 203.
Wallace S. A new technique for identifying risk for type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2001; 9315: 208.
Hu FB, Leitzmann MF, Stapfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willet WC, Rimm EB. Physical activity and television watching in relation to risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in men. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 1542-1548.
Golay A. Treatment of obesity: mission possible. Lancet 2001; (356) suplement 1: 124.
Larkin M. Diet and exercise delay onset of type 2 diabetes, say US experts. Lancet 2001; 9281: 318.
Mayer EJ, D’ Agostino R, Karter AJ et al. Intensity and amount of physical activity in relation to insulin sensitivity. JAMA 1998; 279: 669-674.
Boulé NG, Haddad E, Kenny GP, Wells GA, Sigal RJ. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA 2001; 286: 1218-1227.
American Diabetes Association Council on Nutrition. Glycemic effects of carbohydrates. Diabetes Care 1984; 7: 607-608.
American College of Sports Medicine: Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Ed 4. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1991: 126.
Joslin EP, Root HF, White P Marble A. The treatment of diabetes mellitus. Philadelpia: Lea & Febiger. 1935.
American College of Sports Medicine and American Diabetes Association joint position statement. Diabetes mellitus and excercise. Med Sci sports Exerc 1997; 29: i- vi.
Arky RA. Principios de la dietoterapia en la diabetes sacarina. Clin Med North Am 1978; 4: 673-696.
Woo R, Pi-Sunyer FX. Effect of increased physical activity on voluntary intake in lean women. Metabolism 1985; 34: 836-841.
Ekoe JM. Overview of diabetes mellitus and exercise. Clinical Sciences 1989; 21: 352-355.
Kang J, Robertson RJ, Hagberg JM et al. Effect of exercise intensity on glucose and insulin metabolism in obese individuals and obese NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care 1996; 19:341-349.
Poirier P, Tremblay A, Broderick T, Catellier C, Tancrede G, Nadeau A. Impact of moderate aerobic exercise training on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic men treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. Is insulin sensitivity enhanced only in nonobese subjects? Med Sci Monit 2002; 2: 59-65.
Ishii T, Yamakita T Sato T et al: Resistance training improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM subjects without altering maximal oxygen uptake. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 1353-1355.
Schneider SH, Wood R, Ruderman NB. Exercise and NIDDM. Technical review. Diabetes Care 1990; 13: 785-789.
Erikssen G, Liestol K, Bjormholt J, Thaulow E, Sandvik L, Erikssen J. Changes in physical fitness and changes in mortality. Lancet 1998; 9130: 352-357.
Kelley DE, Mintun MA, Watkins SC et all. The effect of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity on glucose transport and phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 2705-2713.
Zárate A. Un programa nacional para la atención y tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus. Gac Med Mex 1987; 123: 203.
Wallace S. A new technique for identifying risk for type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2001; 9315: 208.
Hu FB, Leitzmann MF, Stapfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willet WC, Rimm EB. Physical activity and television watching in relation to risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in men. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 1542-1548.
Golay A. Treatment of obesity: mission possible. Lancet 2001; (356) suplement 1: 124.
Larkin M. Diet and exercise delay onset of type 2 diabetes, say US experts. Lancet 2001; 9281: 318.
Mayer EJ, D’ Agostino R, Karter AJ et al. Intensity and amount of physical activity in relation to insulin sensitivity. JAMA 1998; 279: 669-674.
Boulé NG, Haddad E, Kenny GP, Wells GA, Sigal RJ. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA 2001; 286: 1218-1227.
American Diabetes Association Council on Nutrition. Glycemic effects of carbohydrates. Diabetes Care 1984; 7: 607-608.
American College of Sports Medicine: Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Ed 4. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1991: 126.
Joslin EP, Root HF, White P Marble A. The treatment of diabetes mellitus. Philadelpia: Lea & Febiger. 1935.
American College of Sports Medicine and American Diabetes Association joint position statement. Diabetes mellitus and excercise. Med Sci sports Exerc 1997; 29: i- vi.
Arky RA. Principios de la dietoterapia en la diabetes sacarina. Clin Med North Am 1978; 4: 673-696.
Woo R, Pi-Sunyer FX. Effect of increased physical activity on voluntary intake in lean women. Metabolism 1985; 34: 836-841.
Ekoe JM. Overview of diabetes mellitus and exercise. Clinical Sciences 1989; 21: 352-355.
Kang J, Robertson RJ, Hagberg JM et al. Effect of exercise intensity on glucose and insulin metabolism in obese individuals and obese NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care 1996; 19:341-349.
Poirier P, Tremblay A, Broderick T, Catellier C, Tancrede G, Nadeau A. Impact of moderate aerobic exercise training on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic men treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. Is insulin sensitivity enhanced only in nonobese subjects? Med Sci Monit 2002; 2: 59-65.
Ishii T, Yamakita T Sato T et al: Resistance training improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM subjects without altering maximal oxygen uptake. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 1353-1355.
Schneider SH, Wood R, Ruderman NB. Exercise and NIDDM. Technical review. Diabetes Care 1990; 13: 785-789.
Erikssen G, Liestol K, Bjormholt J, Thaulow E, Sandvik L, Erikssen J. Changes in physical fitness and changes in mortality. Lancet 1998; 9130: 352-357.
Kelley DE, Mintun MA, Watkins SC et all. The effect of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity on glucose transport and phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 2705-2713.