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2007, Número 3

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Arch Cardiol Mex 2007; 77 (3)


Paradigmas y paradojas de la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda: desde el laboratorio de investigación a la consulta clínica

Escudero EM, Pinilla OA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 237-248
Archivo PDF: 267.25 Kb.


RESUMEN

La hipertrofia ventricular es considerada un mecanismo de adaptación del corazón ante diferentes sobrecargas; estas sobrecargas pueden generar a través de los mecanismos intracelulares utilizados distintas respuestas que se asocien o no con compromiso funcional del miocardio. Cuando la hipertrofia se acompaña de disfunción ventricular pudiendo ser el inicio de un proceso que conduce a la insuficiencia cardíaca, se pone en duda si ese mecanismo es realmente una adecuada adaptación a la sobrecarga. Analizando las modificaciones estructurales y funcionales del ventrículo izquierdo encontradas en ratas secundarias a hipertensión arterial, reducción del diámetro de la aorta ascendente, administración de isoproterenol y/o a infarto de miocardio y en pacientes hipertensos, con estenosis aórtica y con miocardiopatía hipertrófica se puede inferir la presencia de un mecanismo no adecuado de adaptación. Por el contrario las diferentes características de la respuesta ventricular ante la sobrecarga provocada por ejercicio o por el embarazo en humanos señalan una verdadera adaptación a la sobrecarga. En un verdadero desafío a lo conocido sería correcto especular con la necesidad de estimular el desarrollo de hipertrofia fisiológica en determinadas situaciones patológicas o llegar a modificar la respuesta patológica en fisiológica.


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