Rivera TJA

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 36
Paginas: 223-227
Archivo PDF: 49.21 Kb.

RESUMEN

El estudio del clima y la salud no es un concepto nuevo. En realidad esta relación la podemos ubicar en la época de Hipócrates, cuando se planteaba que el estado de la salud se relacionaba con las estaciones del año, los patrones locales de las condiciones atmosféricas y otros factores ambientales. Durante los últimos años el papel del medio ambiente y su influencia en diversas enfermedades ha sido objeto de estudio de médicos, epidemiólogos, microbiólogos y ecologistas. El interés científico de esta relación ambiente-salud se ha estimulado por el aumento en lo referente a los problemas de resistencia a antibióticos entre patógenos, la emergencia y reemergencia de enfermedades infecciosas en todo el mundo y por el debate concerniente al cambio climático y salud.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. Pauli H, Goufried M, Grabherr G. Effects of climate change on mountain ecosystems-upward shifting of alpine plants. World Res Rev 1996; 8: 382-390.

2. Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Davis M. “Recent warming” ice core evidence from tropical ice cores with emphasis on Central Asia. Global Planet Change 1993; 7: 145-156.

3. Diaz HF, Graham NE. Recent changes in tropical freezing heights and the role of sea surface temperature. Nature 1996; 383: 152-155.

4. Loevinsohn M. Climatic warming and increased malaria incidence in Rwanda. Lancet 1994; 343: 714-718.

5. Koopman JS, Prevots DR, Vaca Marin MA, Gomez Dantes H, Zarate Aquino ML, Longini IM. Determinants and predictors of dengue infection in Mexico. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 1168-1178.

6. Epstein PR, Diaz HF, Elias S. Biological and physical signs of climate change: Focus on mosquito-borne diseases. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 1998; 78: 410-417.

7. McMichael AJ, Haines A, Slooff R, Kovats S. Climate change and human health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996.

8. Mc Michael AJ, Haines A. Global climate change: the potential effects on health. BMJ 1997; 315: 805-809.

9. Patz JA, Epstein PR, Burke TA, Balbus JM. Global climate change and emerging infectious diseases. JAMA 1996; 275: 217-223.

10. Epstein PR. Extreme weather events: The health and economic consequences of the 1997/98 El Niño and La Niña. Harvard, MA: Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School, 1999.

11. Epstein PR. Health and climate. Science 1999; 285: 347-348.

12. Parry ML, Rosenzweig C. Food supply and the risk of hunger. Lancet 1993; 342: 1345-1347.

13. Bouma MJ, Sondorp HJ, van der Kaay HJ. Climate change and periodic epidemic malaria. Lancet 1994; 343: 1440.

14. Bouma MJ, van der Kaay HJ. The El Niño southern oscillation and the historic malaria epidemics on the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka: An early warming system for future epidemics? Trop Med Int Health 1996; 1: 86-96.

15. Epstein PR, Pena OC, Racedo JB. Climate and disease in Colombia. Lancet 1995; 346: 1243.

16. Bouma MJ, Dye C. Cycles of malaria associated with El Niño in Venezuela. JAMA 1997; 278: 1772-1774.

17. Nicholls N. El Niño southern oscillation and vector-borne disease. Lancet 1993; 342: 1284-1285.

18. Hales S, Weinstein P, Woodward A. Dengue fever in the South Pacific: Driven by el Niño Southern Oscillation? Lancet 1996; 348: 1664-1665.

19. Bouma MJ, Kovats S, Cox J, Goubert S, Haines A. A global assessment of El Niño´s disaster burden. Lancet 1997; 350: 1435-1438.

20. Kovats SJ, Bouman MJ, Haines A. El Niño and health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999.

21. Lipp EK, Huq A, Colwell RR. Effects of global climate on infectious disease: The cholera model. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15: 757-770.

22. Franco A, Fix AD, Prada A, Paredes E, Palomino JC et al. Cholera in Lima, Peru correlates with prior isolation of Vibrio cholerae from the environment. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146: 1067-1075.

23. Lobitz B, Beck L, Huq A, Wood B, Fuchs G et al. Climate and infectious disease: use of remote sensing for detection of Vibrio cholerae by indirect measurement. Proct Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 1438-1443.

24. Madico G, Checkley W, Gilman RH, Bravo N, Cabrera L et al. Active surveillance for Vibrio cholerae O1 and vibriophages in sewage water as a potential tool to predict cholera outbreaks. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 2968-2972.

25. Torres Codeco C. Endemic and epidemic dynamics of cholera: the role of the aquatic reservoir. BMC Infect Dis 1:1 (Online) http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/1/1.

26. Hornick RB, Music SI, Wenzel R. The Broad street pump revisted: response of volunteers to ingested cholera Vibrio. Bull NY Acad Med 1971; 47: 1181-1191.

27. Colwell RR. Brayton P, Harrington P, Tall B, Huq A, Levine M. Viable but not-culturable Vibrio cholerae O1 revert to a cultivable state in the human intestine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1996; 12: 28-31.

28. McMichael AJ. Integrated assessment of potential health impact of global environmental change: Prospects and limitations. Environ Model Assess 1997; 2: 129-137.

29. Martens WJM, Niessen LW, Rotmans J, Jetten TH, McMichael AJ. Climate change and vector-borne disease: a global modeling perspective. Global Environ Change 1995; 5: 195-209.

30. Martens WJM, Jetten TH, Focks DA. Sensitivity of malaria, schistosomiasis and dengue to global warming. Climate Change 1997; 35: 145-156.

31. Patz JAS, Materns WJM, Focks DA, Jetten TH. Dengue fever epidemic potential as projected by general circulation models of global climate change. Environ Health Perspect 1998; 106: 147-152.

32. Hans von Storch, Stehr N. Climate research: the case for the social sciences. Ambio 1997; 26: 66-71.

33. Epstein PR, Ford TE, Colwell RR. Marine ecosystem. Lancet 1993; 342:1216-1219.

34. Harvell CD, Kim K, Burkholder JM, Colwell RR, Epstein PR, Grimers J. Diseases in the ocean: emerging pathogens, climate links, and anthropogenic factors. Science 1999; 285: 1505-1510.

35. Hallegraeff GM. A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent increase. Phycologica 1993; 32: 79-99.

36. Colwell RR. Global climate and infectious disease: the cholera paradigm. Science 1996; 274: 2025-2031.