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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2006, Número S1

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salud publica mex 2006; 48 (S1)


La asociación entre tabaquismo y tuberculosis

Hassmiller KM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 57
Paginas: 201-216
Archivo PDF: 133.17 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo. Revisar evidencia epidemiológica relativa a la asociación entre el tabaquismo y la tuberculosis. Materiales y métodos. Se identificaron artículos de revisión mediante la búsqueda en Pubmed de los términos “tabaquismo”, “tabaco” y “tuberculosis”. Se obtuvieron artículos adicionales de las bibliografías de los trabajos identificados. Resultados. Se revisaron 34 estudios: cinco investigan la asociación entre tabaquismo y mortalidad a partir de la tuberculosis; 13, la asociación entre tabaquismo y el desarrollo de tuberculosis; ocho, la asociación entre tabaquismo y la infección con Mycobacterium tuberculosis; y nueve estiman el impacto del tabaquismo en las características de la tuberculosis y las enfermedades resultantes. Conclusiones. En conjunto, la evidencia sugiere que el tabaquismo (tanto en la actualidad como en sus inicios) se asocia con lo siguiente: el riesgo a infectarse con Mycobacterium tuberculosis, el riesgo de desarrollar tuberculosis, de formas más severas de la misma, y con el riesgo de morir a causa de ella. En muchos casos, hay una fuerte relación dosis-respuesta, tanto en términos de cantidad como de duración del tabaquismo. Estas relaciones incluso se explican mediante el control de variables potencialmente confusoras como la edad, el género, el consumo de alcohol y la enfermedad del VIH.


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