2024, Número 4
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Rev Med UAS 2024; 14 (4)
Efectos de los trasplantes renales en la calidad de vida a corto y largo plazo: una revisión sistemática
Quiroz-Gomez S, Sequera-Sánchez D, Fuentes-Manzo BF
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 40
Paginas: 328-342
Archivo PDF: 414.20 Kb.
RESUMEN
La Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) afecta al 11% de los adultos, representando un problema importante de salud pública. El trasplante
renal es una intervención efectiva que mejora la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en estos pacientes. Este
estudio revisa la CVRS en receptores de trasplante a corto plazo (menos de 12 meses) y a largo plazo (más de 12 meses), identificando
factores clave que afectan su adaptación.
Siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, se analizaron estudios publicados entre 2019 y 2024, seleccionando 33 artículos relevantes. Las
herramientas SF-36 y KDQOL-36 fueron las más empleadas para medir CVRS. Los resultados indican mejoras significativas en la
CVRS durante los primeros tres meses post-trasplante, especialmente en funcionamiento físico y vitalidad, que tienden a estabilizarse
o mejorar ligeramente a lo largo del primer año. A largo plazo, la CVRS generalmente se mantiene o sigue mejorando.
Factores como edad, género, nivel educativo y tipo de donante influyeron en la CVRS, aunque síntomas como fatiga y dolor crónico
persisten en algunos pacientes, subrayando la necesidad de soporte prolongado.
Este análisis resalta la importancia de estrategias personalizadas de rehabilitación y apoyo para optimizar la CVRS en personas
trasplantadas. Estos hallazgos contribuyen al conocimiento del impacto del trasplante renal y apoyan el desarrollo de prácticas clínicas
orientadas a maximizar el bienestar de los pacientes a lo largo de su recuperación.
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