2025, Número 1
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Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios 2025; 15 (1)
Una visión de la gordura en México: Validación de un conjunto de escalas para evaluar estigma de peso y actitudes anti obesidad
Villanueva-Bustamante M, Rivera-Aragón S
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 62
Paginas: 104-116
Archivo PDF: 460.98 Kb.
RESUMEN
Se le conoce como
Estigma de Peso al estigma social que experimenta una persona en función de su
peso e imagen corporal cuando estos son percibidos como más grandes de lo normal. Por su parte, las
Actitudes Anti Obesidad son las evaluaciones y percepciones negativas hacia las personas con sobrepeso
u obesidad que realiza una persona. Ambos fenómenos tienen consecuencias negativas sobre la salud,
por lo que resulta necesario determinar cómo se relacionan estos fenómenos y cómo influyen en el
desarrollo de sobrepeso u obesidad. Sin embargo, en México aún no se cuentan con instrumentos
para evaluar estos constructos. De este modo, el objetivo del presente estudio fue validar el
Inventario
de Situaciones Estigmatizantes (SSI-M) y la
Escala de Actitudes Anti Obesidad (AFA-M) para
población mexicana. Se realizó un proceso de validación culturalmente pertinente, que consiste en
la traducción-retraducción y adaptación de los reactivos en otro idioma, posteriormente estos fueron
sometidos a un proceso de acuerdo inter jueces para asegurar que la adaptación fuera adecuada para la
cultura, finalmente se aplicó un análisis factorial exploratorio a fin de determinar la estructura factorial
y propiedades psicométricas de ambas escalas. Con base en este proceso se obtuvieron dos escalas
abreviadas y con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas (SSI-M, α = .912; AFA-M, ω = 796). Asimismo,
los factores obtenidos presentan correlaciones significativas y positivas, proveyendo de evidencias de
validez convergente, y correlaciones positivas significativas con el Índice de Masa Corporal, dotando a
las escalas de evidencia de validez de criterio.
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