2025, Número S1
<< Anterior
Neumol Cir Torax 2025; 84 (S1)
Guía de Práctica Clínica Mexicana de EPOC 2025
Vázquez-García JC, Hernández-Zenteno RJ, Arroyo-Hernández M, Elizondo-Ríos A, Casillas-Suárez C, Cortés-Telles A, Pérez-Padilla JR, Sandoval-Gutiérrez JL, Vázquez-Cortés JJ, Thirión-Romero II, Monraz-Pérez S, Robles-Hernández RE, Rodríguez-Vega M, Mayorga-Butrón JL
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 481
Paginas: S8-106
Archivo PDF: 1765.36 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: en 2020, fue publicada la primera edición de la Guía de Práctica Clínica (GPC)
Mexicana de EPOC (GMEPOC). Debido al progreso de la evidencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la
enfermedad es fundamental contar con una GPC actualizada.
Objetivo: desarrollar una GPC original para
el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la EPOC dirigida a los tres niveles de atención en México y para profesionales
de la salud, así como para los pacientes y sus cuidadores, las instituciones de salud y los tomadores
de decisiones.
Métodos: GMEPOC 2025 se desarrolló en cumplimiento con estándares internacionales.
Se integró un Grupo de Desarrollo interdisciplinario, principalmente neumólogos y metodólogos expertos.
Se consensuaron los alcances y las preguntas clínicas, se evaluaron las guías internacionales, se realizó una
búsqueda exhaustiva de la evidencia seguida de su evaluación y jerarquización; finalmente, se formularon y
graduaron recomendaciones para cada pregunta, las cuales fueron consensuadas a través de un panel formal
de expertos.
Resultados: se definieron un total de 25 preguntas estructuradas y clínicamente relevantes,
agrupadas en tres categorías: evaluación inicial y diagnóstico, tratamiento integral de EPOC estable y tratamiento
de la exacerbación de EPOC. Las recomendaciones formuladas alcanzaron un valor promedio de
consenso de 98.5% (91-100%) en una sola ronda de Panel Delphi.
Conclusiones: GMEPOC 2025 proporciona
recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia científica, las cuales fueron formuladas por consenso de
expertos. Estas recomendaciones son objetivas, aplicables, integrales y adecuadas para el sistema de salud
mexicano y se espera que contribuyan a mejorar la calidad de la atención.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global Burden of Disease 2021: Findings from the GBD 2021 Study. Seattle, WA: IHME; 2021.Available in: https://www.healthdata.org/research-analysis/library/global-burden-disease-2021-findings-gbd-2021-study
Perez-Padilla JR, Thirion-Romero I, Robles-Hernandez R, Cagney J,Razo C, Rios-Blancas MJ. Respiratory diseases in Mexico: analysisfrom the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. Gac Med Mex.2023;159(6):582-595. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M24000840.
GOLD. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and preventionof chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Internet]. Fontana (WI):Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, Inc.; 2025.Available in: www.goldcopd.org
Vázquez-García JC, Hernández-Zenteno RJ, Pérez-Padilla JR,Cano-Salas MC, Fernández-Vega M, Salas-Hernández J, et al. Guíade Práctica Clínica Mexicana para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de laEnfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica. Guía mexicana de EPOC,2020. Neumol Cir Tórax. 2019;78:4-76. doi: doi:10.35366/NTS191A.
INEGI. Estadísticas de defunciones registradas (EDR) [Internet].Comunicado de prensa número 661/24; 8 de noviembre de 2024.México: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía; 2024.Disponible en: https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2024/EDR/EDR2023_Dtivas.pdf
Menezes AM, Perez-Padilla R, Jardim JR, Muino A, Lopez MV,Valdivia G, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five LatinAmerican cities (the PLATINO study): a prevalence study. Lancet.2005;366(9500):1875-1881. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67632-5.
Perez-Padilla R, Menezes AMB. Chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease in Latin America. Ann Glob Health. 2019;85(1):7. doi: 10.5334/aogh.2418.
Franco-Marina F, Fernandez-Plata R, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Garcia-Sancho C, Sanchez-Gallen E, Martinez D, et al. Efficient screening forCOPD using three steps: a cross-sectional study in Mexico City. NPJPrim Care Respir Med. 2014;24:14002. doi: 10.1038/npjpcrm.2014.2.
Ramirez-Venegas A, Velazquez-Uncal M, Perez-Hernandez R,Guzman-Bouilloud NE, Falfan-Valencia R, Mayar-Maya ME, et al.Prevalence of COPD and respiratory symptoms associated withbiomass smoke exposure in a suburban area. Int J Chron ObstructPulmon Dis. 2018;13:1727-1734. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S156409.
Regalado J, Perez-Padilla R, Sansores R, Paramo Ramirez JI,Brauer M, Pare P, et al. The effect of biomass burning on respiratorysymptoms and lung function in rural Mexican women. Am J Respir CritCare Med. 2006;174(8):901-905. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200503-479OC.
Talamo C, De Oca MM, Halbert R, Perez-Padilla R, Jardim JR, MuinoA, et al. Diagnostic labeling of COPD in five Latin American cities.Chest. 2007;131(1):60-607. doi: 10.1378/chest.06-1149.
Lamprecht B, Soriano JB, Studnicka M, Kaiser B, Vanfleteren LE,Gnatiuc L, et al. Determinants of underdiagnosis of COPD in nationaland international surveys. Chest. 2015;148(4):971-985. doi: 10.1378/chest.14-2535.
Reynales-Shigematsu LM. Costos de atención médica de lasenfermedades atribuibles al consumo de tabaco en América: revisiónde la literatura. Salud Pública Méx [Internet]. 2006;48:s190-s200.Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-36342006000700023&lng=es
Fernández-Plata R, Martínez-Briseño D, García-Sancho F, Cano-Jimenez D, Ramírez-Venegas A, Sansores-Martínez R, et al. Métodospara la estimación de costos en salud de la EPOC: resultadosbasales. Neumol Cir Tórax. 2016;75(1):4-11.
Zenteno R, Lemus-Rangel R, Martínez-Pacheco V, Guzmán-VázquezS, Soto-Molina H, Juárez K, et al. Evaluation of the cost in patientswith chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) within the publichealth perspective in Mexico. Value in Health. 2022;25(7):S340.
Mannino DM. Counting costs in COPD: what do the numbers mean?Chest. 2015;147(1):3-5. doi: 10.1378/chest.14-1976.
Carrera-Rivera A, Ochoa W, Larrinaga F, Lasa G. How-to conducta systematic literature review: A quick guide for computer scienceresearch. MethodsX. 2022;9:101895. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101895.
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). SIGN 50: Aguideline developer’s handbook [Internet]. Edinburgh: SIGN; 2019.Available in: http://www.sign.ac.uk
Mayorga Butrón J, Velasco Hidalgo L, Ochoa-Carrillo F. Guíasde Práctica Clínica Basadas en Evidencia, cerrando la brechaentre el conocimiento científico y la toma de decisiones clínicas.Documento de la serie MBE, 3 de 3. Gaceta Mexicana de Oncología. 2015;14(6):329-334. doi: 10.1016/j.gamo.2015.12.005.
Duda C, Mahon I, Chen MH, Snyder B, Barr R, Chiles C, et al.Impact and costs of targeted recruitment of minorities to theNational Lung Screening Trial. Clin Trials. 2011;8(2):214-223. doi:10.1177/1740774510396742.
Zhang T, Joubert P, Ansari-Pour N, Zhao W, Hoang PH, Lokanga R, et al.Genomic and evolutionary classification of lung cancer in never smokers.Nat Genet. 2021;53(9):1348-1359. doi: 10.1038/s41588-021-00920-0.
Robles-Hernandez R, Centeno-Saenz GI, Ramirez-Venegas A,Thirion-Romero I, Hernandez-Zenteno R, Guinto-Ramirez SP,et al. Validation of new predictors of mortality and BODE indexvariants in patients with COPD at moderate altitude. ERJ Open Res.2025;11(1):00333-2024. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00333-2024.
Soler-Cataluna JJ, Pinera P, Trigueros JA, Calle M, Casanova C,Cosio BG, et al. Spanish COPD Guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021 UpdateDiagnosis and Treatment of COPD Exacerbation Syndrome. ArchBronconeumol. 2022;58(2):159-170. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.05.011.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Globalstrategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease: 2023 report [Internet]. Fontana(WI): GOLD; 2023. Available in: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GOLD-2023-ver-1.3-17Feb2023_WMV.pdf
De Oca MM, López Varela MV, Acuña A, Schiavi E, Casas A,Tokumoto A, et al. Guía de Práctica Clínica Latinoamericana deEPOC-2019 (LatinEPOC-2019). Respirar. 2019:1-70. Disponibleen: https://alatorax.org/es/publicaciones/respirar/numero/28/download/28_file_es_WmojWI_epoc2019-27jun2020-spain-print.pdf
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF); Siu AL,Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, et al. Screening for chronicobstructive pulmonary disease: US preventive services task forcerecommendation statement. JAMA. 2016;315(13):1372-1377. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.2638.
Celli B, Fabbri L, Criner G, Martinez FJ, Mannino D, VogelmeierC, et al. Definition and nomenclature of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: time for its revision. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2022;206(11):1317-1325. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202204-0671PP.
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Globalstrategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease: 2024 report [Internet]. Fontana(WI): GOLD; 2024. Available in: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/GOLD-2024_v1.0-30Oct23_WMV.pdf
Alfageme I, De Lucas P, Ancochea J, Miravitlles M, Soler-CatalunaJJ, Garcia-Rio F, et al. 10 Years after EPISCAN: a new study on theprevalence of copd in spain -a summary of the EPISCAN II protocol.Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed). 2019;55(1):38-47. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2018.05.011.
Stanley SE, Merck SJ, Armanios M. Telomerase and the genetics ofemphysema susceptibility. Implications for pathogenesis paradigmsand patient care. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13 Suppl 5(Suppl5):S447-S451. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201609-718AW.
Wang T, Jia Z, Li S, Li Y, Yu T, Lu T, et al. The association betweenleukocyte telomere length and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseis partially mediated by inflammation: a meta-analysis and populationbasedmediation study. BMC Pulm Med. 2022;22(1):320. doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-02114-8.
Fonseca Wald ELA, Van Den Borst B, Gosker HR, Schols A. Dietaryfibre and fatty acids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk andprogression: a systematic review. Respirology. 2014;19(2):176-184.doi: 10.1111/resp.12229.
Valisoltani N, Ghoreishy SM, Imani H, Rajabi Harsini A, Jowshan M,Travica N, et al. Fiber intake and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. FoodSci Nutr. 2023;11(11):6775-6788. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3640.
Zhu M, Wang T, Wang C, Ji Y. The association between vitamin D andCOPD risk, severity, and exacerbation: an updated systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016;11:2597-607. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S101382.
Mornex JF, Traclet J, Guillaud O, Dechomet M, Lombard C, Ruiz M,et al. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: An updated review. Presse Med.2023;52(3):104170. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2023.104170.
Duan P, Wang Y, Lin R, Zeng Y, Chen C, Yang L, et al. Impact of earlylife exposures on COPD in adulthood: A systematic review and metaanalysis.Respirology. 2021;26(12):1131-1151. doi: 10.1111/resp.14144.
Fan H, Wu F, Liu J, Zeng W, Zheng S, Tian H, et al. Pulmonarytuberculosis as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Transl Med.2021;9(5):390. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-4576.
Menezes AM, Hallal PC, Perez-Padilla R, Jardim JR, Muino A, LopezMV, et al. Tuberculosis and airflow obstruction: evidence from thePLATINO study in Latin America. Eur Respir J. 2007;30(6):1180-1185.doi: 10.1183/09031936.00083507.
Bigna JJ, Kenne AM, Asangbeh SL, Sibetcheu AT. Prevalence ofchronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the global population withHIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health.2018;6(2):e193-e202. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30451-5.
Mucha L, Stephenson J, Morandi N, Dirani R. Meta-analysis ofdisease risk associated with smoking, by gender and intensityof smoking. Gend Med. 2006;3(4):279-291. doi: 10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80216-0.
Holtjer JCS, Bloemsma LD, Beijers R, Cornelissen MEB, Hilvering B,Houweling L, et al. Identifying risk factors for COPD and adult-onsetasthma: an umbrella review. Eur Respir Rev. 2023;32(168):230009.doi: 10.1183/16000617.0009-2023.
World Health Organization (WHO). Chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD) [Internet]. Ginebra: WHO; 2023. Available in: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructivepulmonary-disease-%28copd%29
Forey BA, Thornton AJ, Lee PN. Systematic review with metaanalysisof the epidemiological evidence relating smoking to COPD,chronic bronchitis and emphysema. BMC Pulm Med. 2011;11:36. doi:10.1186/1471-2466-11-36.
Rennard SI, Vestbo J. COPD: the dangerous underestimate of15%. Lancet. 2006;367(9518):1216-1219. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68516-4.
Jayes L, Haslam PL, Gratziou CG, Powell P, Britton J, Vardavas C, etal. SmokeHaz: systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the effectsof smoking on respiratory health. Chest. 2016;150(1):164-179. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2016.03.060.
Fischer F, Kraemer A. Meta-analysis of the association betweensecond-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, COPDand stroke. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1202. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2489-4.
Chen P, Li Y, Wu D, Liu F, Cao C. Secondhand smoke exposure andthe risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2023;18:1067-1076. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S403158.
Cunalata-Paredes AV, Gea-Izquierdo E. COPD in the major nonsmokingadult: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Environ OccupHealth. 2021;76(6):319-329. doi: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1828243.
Waziry R, Jawad M, Ballout RA, Al Akel M, Akl EA. The effectsof waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: an updatedsystematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(1):32-43. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyw021.
Tan WC, Lo C, Jong A, Xing L, Fitzgerald MJ, Vollmer WM, et al.Marijuana and chronic obstructive lung disease: a population-basedstudy. CMAJ. 2009;180(8):814-820. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.081040.
Vasconez-Gonzalez J, Delgado-Moreira K, Lopez-Molina B,Izquierdo-Condoy JS, Gamez-Rivera E, Ortiz-Prado E. Effects ofsmoking marijuana on the respiratory system: a systematic review.Subst Abus. 2023;44(3):249-260. doi: 10.1177/08897077231186228.
Po JY, Fitzgerald JM, Carlsten C. Respiratory disease associated withsolid biomass fuel exposure in rural women and children: systematicreview and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2011;66(3):232-239. doi: 10.1136/thx.2010.147884.
Shetty BSP, D’souza G, Padukudru Anand M. Effect of indoor airpollution on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) deathsin southern asia-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Toxics.2021;9(4):85. doi: 10.3390/toxics9040085.
Hu G, Zhou Y, Tian J, Yao W, Li J, Li B, et al. Risk of COPD fromexposure to biomass smoke: a metaanalysis. Chest. 2010;138(1):20-31. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2114.
Balmes J, Becklake M, Blanc P, Henneberger P, Kreiss K, MappC, et al. American Thoracic Society Statement: Occupationalcontribution to the burden of airway disease. Am J Respir Crit CareMed. 2003;167(5):787-797. doi: 10.1164/rccm.167.5.787.
Ryu JY, Sunwoo YE, Lee SY, Lee CK, Kim JH, Lee JT, et al. ChronicObstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Vapors, Gases, Dusts,or Fumes (VGDF): a meta-analysis. COPD. 2015;12(4):374-380. doi:10.3109/15412555.2014.949000.
Park J, Kim HJ, Lee CH, Lee CH, Lee HW. Impact of long-term exposureto ambient air pollution on the incidence of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EnvironRes. 2021;194:110703. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110703.
Bloemsma LD, Hoek G, Smit LaM. Panel studies of air pollution inpatients with COPD: Systematic review and meta-analysis. EnvironRes. 2016;151:458-468. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.018.
Pando-Sandoval A, Ruano-Ravina A, Candal-Pedreira C, Rodriguez-Garcia C, Represas-Represas C, Golpe R, et al. Risk factors forchronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smokers: A systematicreview. Clin Respir J. 2022;16(4):261-275. doi: 10.1111/crj.13479.
Adeloye D, Song P, Zhu Y, Campbell H, Sheikh A, Rudan I. Global,regional, and national prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronicobstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 2019: a systematic reviewand modelling analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10(5):447-458. doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00511-7.
Rey-Brandariz J, Perez-Rios M, Ahluwalia JS, Beheshtian K,Fernandez-Villar A, Represas-Represas C, et al. Tobacco patternsand risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from across-sectional study. Arch Bronconeumol. 2023;59(11):717-724. doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2023.07.009.
Torres-Duque CA, Jaramillo C, Caballero A, Proanos-Jurado NJ,Pareja-Zabala MJ, Soriano JB, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease related to wood smoke and impact of the combinedexposure to tobacco. IJTLD Open. 2024;1(3):130-135. doi: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0004.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Chronicobstructive pulmonary disease in over 16s: diagnosis andmanagement. London: NICE; 2019.
Sethi DK, Rhodes J, Ferris R, Banka R, Clarke A, Mishra EK.Breathlessness predicts mortality in adults: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Cureus. 2023;15(5):e39192. doi: 10.7759/cureus.39192.
Lin K, Watkins B, Johnson T, Rodriguez JA, Barton MB, ForceUSPST. Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease usingspirometry: summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive ServicesTask Force. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(7):535-543. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-148-7-200804010-00213.
US Preventive Services Task Force; Mangione CM, BarryMJ, Nicholson WK, et al. Screening for chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: US preventive services task force reaffirmationrecommendation statement. JAMA. 2022;327(18):1806-1811. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5692.
Schiavi E, Stirbulov R, Hernandez Vecino R, Mercurio S, Di BoscioV, Puma T. COPD screening in primary care in four Latin Americancountries: methodology of the PUMA Study. Arch Bronconeumol.2014;50(11):469-474. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2014.03.006.
Lopez Varela MV, De Oca MM, Rey A, Casas A, Stirbulov R, Di BoscioV, et al. Development of a simple screening tool for opportunisticCOPD case finding in primary care in Latin America: The PUMAstudy. Respirology. 2016;21(7):1227-1234. doi: 10.1111/resp.12834.
Gu Y, Zhang Y, Wen Q, Ouyang Y, Shen Y, Yu H, et al. Performanceof COPD population screener questionnaire in COPD screening: avalidation study and meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2021;53(1):1198-1206.doi: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1949486.
Haroon S, Jordan R, Takwoingi Y, Adab P. Diagnostic accuracy ofscreening tests for COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ Open. 2015;5(10):e008133. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008133.
Rosero Arenas MDLÁ, García García MÁ, Briones Urtiaga MDM,Martínez Cornejo A. Utilidad del miniespirómetro COPD-6 en eldiagnóstico precoz de EPOC. Open Respir Arch. 2020;2(3):132-140.doi: 10.1016/j.opresp.2020.05.011.
Schnieders E, Unal E, Winkler V, Dambach P, Louis VR, Horstick O, etal. Performance of alternative COPD case-finding tools: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2021;30(160):200350. doi:10.1183/16000617.0350-2020.
Pagano L, Mckeough Z, Wootton S, Zwar N, Dennis S. Accuracy of theCOPD diagnostic questionnaire as a screening tool in primary care.BMC Prim Care. 2022;23(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s12875-022-01685-z.
Hanania NA, Mannino DM, Yawn BP, Mapel DW, Martinez FJ,Donohue JF, et al. Predicting risk of airflow obstruction in primarycare: Validation of the lung function questionnaire (LFQ). Respir Med.2010;104(8):1160-1170. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.02.009.
Sichletidis L, Spyratos D, Papaioannou M, Chloros D, Tsiotsios A,Tsagaraki V, et al. A combination of the IPAG questionnaire and PiKo-6(R) flow meter is a valuable screening tool for COPD in the primarycare setting. Prim Care Respir J. 2011;20(2):184-189, 1 p following9. doi: 10.4104/pcrj.2011.00038.
Weiss G, Steinacher I, Lamprecht B, Kaiser B, Mikes R, Sator L, etal. Development and validation of the Salzburg COPD-screeningquestionnaire (SCSQ): a questionnaire development and validationstudy. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2017;27(1):4. doi: 10.1038/s41533-016-0005-7.
Fujita M, Nagashima K, Takahashi S, Suzuki K, Fujisawa T, HataA. Handheld flow meter improves COPD detectability regardless ofusing a conventional questionnaire: A split-sample validation study.Respirology. 2020;25(2):191-197. doi: 10.1111/resp.13602.
Sogbetun F, Eschenbacher WL, Welge JA, Panos RJ. Veterans airflowobstruction screening questionnaire: a survey to identify veterans withairflow obstruction. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2016;3(4):705-715. doi:10.15326/jcopdf.3.4.2016.0128.
Miravitlles M, Llor C, Calvo E, Diaz S, Diaz-Cuervo H, Gonzalez-Rojas N. Validation of the spanish version of the chronic obstructivepulmonary disease-population screener (COPD-PS). Its usefulnessand that of FEV(1)/FEV(6) for the diagnosis of COPD. Med Clin (Barc).2012;139(12):522-530. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2011.06.022.
Bastidas GAR, Estupiñán BMF, Arias BJS, Estrada HM, LópezOJ, Mateus MSL, et al. Validación externa y reproducibilidad delcuestionario PUMA para el diagnóstico de EPOC en una poblaciónlatinoamericana: Validación externa del cuestionario PUMA.Rev Chil Enferm Respir [Internet]. 2022;38:11-19. Disponible en:http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-73482022000100011&nrm=iso
Lopez Varela MV, Montes De Oca M, Wehrmeister FC, RodriguezC, Ramirez L, Menezes A. External validation of the PUMA COPDdiagnostic questionnaire in a general practice sample and thePLATINO study population. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis.2019;14:1901-1911. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S206250.
Demirci H, Eniste K, Basaran EO, Ocakoglu G, Yilmaz Z, Tuna S.A multicenter family practitioners’ research on Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease screening using the COPD Assessment Test.Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2017;18(6):603-607. doi: 10.1017/S1463423617000408.
Martinez FJ, Mannino D, Leidy NK, Malley KG, Bacci ED, Barr RG,et al. A new approach for identifying patients with undiagnosedchronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2017;195(6):748-756. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201603-0622OC.
Fernández-Plata R, Thirión-Romero I, Martínez-Briseño D, Franco-Marina F, Pérez-Padilla R. Screening tool for restrictive andobstructive ventilatory abnormalities in a population-based survey.Rev Invest Clín. 2020;72(6):386-393. doi: 10.24875/RIC.20000235.
Siddharthan T, Pollard SL, Quaderi SA, Rykiel NA, Wosu AC, AlupoP, et al. Discriminative accuracy of chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease screening instruments in 3 low- and middle-income countrysettings. JAMA. 2022;327(2):151-160. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.23065.
Quezada WA, Whippo BA, Jellen PA, Leidy NK, Mannino DM, Kim KJ,et al. How well does CAPTURE translate?: an exploratory analysis ofa COPD case-finding method for spanish-speaking patients. Chest.2017;152(4):761-770. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.03.047.
Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, Barjaktarevic IZ, CooperBG, Hall GL, et al. Standardization of Spirometry 2019 Update.An Official American Thoracic Society and European RespiratorySociety Technical Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2019;200(8):e70-e88. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1590ST.
Stanojevic S, Kaminsky DA, Miller MR, Thompson B, AlivertiA, Barjaktarevic I, et al. ERS/ATS technical standard oninterpretive strategies for routine lung function tests. Eur Respir J.2022;60(1):2101499. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01499-2021.
Van Dijk WD, Gupta N, Tan WC, Bourbeau J. Clinicalrelevance of diagnosing COPD by fixed ratio or lower limit ofnormal: a systematic review. COPD. 2014;11(1):113-120. doi:10.3109/15412555.2013.781996.
Quanjer PH, Enright PL, Miller MR, Stocks J, Ruppel G,Swanney MP, et al. The need to change the method for definingmild airway obstruction. Eur Respir J. 2011;37(3):720-722. doi:10.1183/09031936.00135110.
Enright PL, Kaminsky DA. Strategies for screening for chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Care. 2003;48(12):1194-1201;discussion 1201-1203.
Vázquez García JC, Pérez Padilla R. Manual de espirometría. 3ª ed.México: Graphimedic; 2018.
Hankinson JL, Odencrantz JR, Fedan KB. Spirometric referencevalues from a sample of the general U.S. population. Am J Respir CritCare Med. 1999;159(1):179-187. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.159.1.9712108.
Koblizek V, Novotna B, Zbozinkova Z, Hejduk K. Diagnosing COPD:advances in training and practice - a systematic review. Adv MedEduc Pract. 2016;7:219-231. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S76976.
Bourbeau J, Bhutani M, Hernandez P, Aaron SD, Balter M,Beauchesne MF, et al. Canadian Thoracic Society Clinical PracticeGuideline on pharmacotherapy in patients with COPD-2019 updateof evidence. Can J Respir Crit Care Sleep Med. 2019;3(4):210-232.doi: 10.1080/24745332.2019.1668652.
Brusasco V, Pellegrino R. Pulmonary function interpretative strategies:from statistics to clinical practice. Eur Respir J. 2022;60(1):2200317.doi: 10.1183/13993003.00317-2022.
Graham BL, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Cooper BG, Jensen R,Kendrick A, et al. Executive summary: 2017 ERS/ATS standardsfor single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. Eur Respir J.2017;49(1):16E0016. doi: 10.1183/13993003.E0016-2016.
Balasubramanian A, Macintyre NR, Henderson RJ, Jensen RL,Kinney G, Stringer WW, et al. Diffusing capacity of carbon monoxidein assessment of COPD. Chest. 2019;156(6):1111-1119. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.06.035.
Ni Y, Yu Y, Dai R, Shi G. Diffusing capacity in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease assessment: A meta-analysis. Chron Respir Dis.2021;18:14799731211056340. doi: 10.1177/14799731211056340.
Hernández-Morales AP, Robles-Hernández RE, Vázquez-GarcíaJC. Estereología pulmonar en enfermedad pulmonar obstructivacrónica: exploración funcional pulmonar por imagen. Neumol CirTórax. 2023;82(1):21-28. doi: 10.35366/114225.
Gould GA, Redpath AT, Ryan M, Warren PM, Best JJ, Flenley DC, etal. Lung CT density correlates with measurements of airflow limitationand the diffusing capacity. Eur Respir J. 1991;4(2):141-146. Availablein: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2044729
Nambu A, Zach J, Schroeder J, Jin GY, Kim SS, Kim YI, et al.Relationships between diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide(DLCO), and quantitative computed tomography measurements andvisual assessment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur JRadiol. 2015;84(5):980-985. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.01.010.
Harvey BG, Strulovici-Barel Y, Kaner RJ, Sanders A, Vincent TL,Mezey JG, et al. Risk of COPD with obstruction in active smokerswith normal spirometry and reduced diffusion capacity. Eur RespirJ. 2015;46(6):1589-1597. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02377-2014.
Anthonisen NR. Long-term oxygen therapy. Ann Intern Med.1983;99(4):519-527. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-99-4-519.
British Medical Research Council Working Party. Long term domiciliaryoxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronicbronchitis and emphysema. Report of the Medical Research CouncilWorking Party. Lancet. 1981;1(8222):681-686. Available in: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6110912
Perez-Padilla R, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Muino A, Marquez MN, LopezMV, De Oca MM, et al. Prevalence of oxygen desaturation and useof oxygen at home in adults at sea level and at moderate altitude. EurRespir J. 2006;27(3):594-599. doi: 10.1183/09031936.06.00075005.
Pérez Padilla J, Vázquez-García J. Estimation of gasometric valuesat different altitudes above sea level in Mexico. Rev Invest Clin.2000;52(2):148-155. Available in: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10846438
Oostveen E, Macleod D, Lorino H, Farre R, Hantos Z, DesagerK, et al. The forced oscillation technique in clinical practice:methodology, recommendations and future developments. Eur RespirJ. 2003;22(6):1026-1041. doi: 10.1183/09031936.03.00089403.
Gochicoa-Rangel L, Cantú-González G, Miguel-Reyes JL,Rodríguez-Moreno L, Torre-Bouscoulet L. Oscilometría de impulso.Recomendaciones y procedimiento. Neumol Cir Tórax. 2019;78:124-134. doi: 10.35366/NTS192E.
Vázquez-García JC, Pérez-Padilla JR. Valores gasométricosestimados para las principales poblaciones y sitios a mayor altituden México. Rev Inst Nal Enf Resp Mex. 2000;13:6-13.
Su ZQ, Guan WJ, Li SY, Ding M, Chen Y, Jiang M, et al. Significancesof spirometry and impulse oscillometry for detecting small airwaydisorders assessed with endobronchial optical coherence tomographyin COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;13:3031-3044. doi:10.2147/COPD.S172639.
Wei X, Shi Z, Cui Y, Mi J, Ma Z, Ren J, et al. Impulse oscillometrysystem as an alternative diagnostic method for chronic obstructivepulmonary disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(46):e8543. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000008543.
Vargas-Domínguez C, Gochicoa-Rangel L, Velázquez-Uncal M,Mejía-Alfaro R, Vázquez-García J, Pérez-Padilla J, et al. Pruebasde función respiratoria, ¿cuál y a quién? Neumol Cir Tórax.2011;70(2):101-117.
Guerrero-Zúñiga S, Vázquez-García JC, Gochicoa-Rangel L, Cid-Juárez S, Benítez-Pérez R, Del-Río-Hidalgo R. Pletismografía corporal:recomendaciones y procedimiento. Neumol Cir Tórax. 2016;75(4):296-307.
Fermont JM, Masconi KL, Jensen MT, Ferrari R, Di Lorenzo VaP,Marott JM, et al. Biomarkers and clinical outcomes in COPD: asystematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2019;74(5):439-446.doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211855.
Enright PL. The six-minute walk test. Respir Care. 2003;48(8):783-785.Available in: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890299
Pinto-Plata VM, Cote C, Cabral H, Taylor J, Celli BR. The 6-minwalk distance: change over time and value as a predictor ofsurvival in severe COPD. Eur Respir J. 2004;23(1):28-33. doi:10.1183/09031936.03.00034603.
Celli B, Tetzlaff K, Criner G, Polkey MI, Sciurba F, Casaburi R,et al. The 6-minute-walk distance test as a chronic obstructivepulmonary disease stratification tool. Insights from the COPDbiomarker qualification consortium. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2016;194(12):1483-1493. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201508-1653OC.
Cote CG, Pinto-Plata V, Kasprzyk K, Dordelly LJ, Celli BR. The 6-minwalk distance, peak oxygen uptake, and mortality in COPD. Chest.2007;132(6):1778-1785. doi: 10.1378/chest.07-2050.
Casanova C, Cote C, Marin JM, Pinto-Plata V, De Torres JP, Aguirre-Jaime A, et al. Distance and oxygen desaturation during the 6-minwalk test as predictors of long-term mortality in patients with COPD.Chest. 2008;134(4):746-752. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-0520.
Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM, Casanova C, De Oca MM, MendezRA, et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, andexercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NEngl J Med. 2004;350(10):1005-1012. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa021322.
Gochicoa-Rangel L, Mora-Romero U, Guerrero-Zúñiga S, Silva-CerónM, Cid-Juárez S, Velázquez-Uncal M, et al. Prueba de caminata de6 minutos: recomendaciones y procedimientos. Neumol Cir Tórax.2015;74(2):127-136.
Zhang C, Zhang M, Wang Y, Su X, Lei T, Yu H, et al. Diagnosticvalue of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in differentiating theasthma-COPD overlap from COPD: a systematic review andmeta-analysis. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2022;16(6):679-687. doi:10.1080/17476348.2022.2011221.
Gong S, Pu Y, Xie L, Yang X, Mao H. Fraction of exhaled nitric oxideis elevated in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: a meta-analysis. Am J Med Sci. 2020;360(2):166-175. doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2020.04.038.
Lu Z, Huang W, Wang L, Xu N, Ding Q, Cao C. Exhaled nitric oxidein patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis.2018;13:2695-2705. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S165780.
Wei XM, Kim HS, Kumar RK, Heywood GJ, Hunt JE, Mcneil HP, etal. Effects of cigarette smoke on degranulation and NO productionby mast cells and epithelial cells. Respir Res. 2005;6(1):108. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-108.
Bergeron C, Boulet LP, Page N, Laviolette M, Zimmermann N, RothenbergME, et al. Influence of cigarette smoke on the arginine pathway inasthmatic airways: increased expression of arginase I. J Allergy ClinImmunol. 2007;119(2):391-397. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.10.030.
Hogman M, Thornadtsson A, Broms K, Janson C, Lisspers K,Stallberg B, et al. Different relationships between F(E)NO and COPDcharacteristics in smokers and ex-smokers. COPD. 2019;16(3-4):227-233. doi: 10.1080/15412555.2019.1638355.
Higham A, Beech A, Singh D. Exhaled nitric oxide levels in COPDpatients who use electronic cigarettes. Nitric Oxide. 2024;145:57-59.doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.02.006.
Lim CS, Rani FA, Tan LE. Response of exhaled nitric oxide to inhaledcorticosteroids in patients with stable COPD: A systematic review andmeta-analysis. Clin Respir J. 2018;12(1):218-226. doi: 10.1111/crj.12518.
Raoof S, Shah M, Make B, Allaqaband H, Bowler R, Fernando S,et al. Lung imaging in COPD Part 1: clinical usefulness. Chest.2023;164(1):69-84. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.007.
Wallace GM, Winter JH, Winter JE, Taylor A, Taylor TW, CameronRC. Chest X-rays in COPD screening: are they worthwhile? RespirMed. 2009;103(12):1862-1865. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.07.001.
Li JS, Zhang HL, Bai YP, Wang YF, Wang HF, Wang MH, et al.Diagnostic value of computed tomography in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. COPD.2012;9(5):563-570. doi: 10.3109/15412555.2012.692000.
Li T, Zhou HP, Zhou ZJ, Guo LQ, Zhou L. Computed tomographyidentifiedphenotypes of small airway obstructions in chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;134(17):2025-2036. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001724.
Hernández-Morales AP, Robles-Hernández RE, Vázquez-GarcíaJC. Estereología pulmonar en enfermedad pulmonar obstructivacrónica: exploración funcional pulmonar por imagen. Neumol CirTorax. 2023;82(1):21-28. doi: 10.35366/114225.
Wang Y, Chai L, Chen Y, Liu J, Wang Q, Zhang Q, et al. QuantitativeCT parameters correlate with lung function in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. FrontSurg. 2022;9:1066031. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1066031.
Xie X, De Jong PA, Oudkerk M, Wang Y, Ten Hacken NH, Miao J, etal. Morphological measurements in computed tomography correlatewith airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2012;22(10):2085-2093. doi: 10.1007/s00330-012-2480-8.
Williams MC, Murchison JT, Edwards LD, Agusti A, Bakke P, CalverleyPM, et al. Coronary artery calcification is increased in patients withCOPD and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Thorax.2014;69(8):718-723. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-203151.
Wells JM, Washko GR, Han MK, Abbas N, Nath H, Mamary AJ, et al.Pulmonary arterial enlargement and acute exacerbations of COPD.N Engl J Med. 2012;367(10):913-921. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1203830.
Shi L, Wei F, Ma T, Zhou W, Li M, Wan Y. Impact of radiographicbronchiectasis in COPD. Respir Care. 2020;65(10):1561-1573. doi:10.4187/respcare.07390.
Du Q, Jin J, Liu X, Sun Y. Bronchiectasis as a comorbidity of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0150532. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150532.
Nicholson JM, Orsso CE, Nourouzpour S, Elangeswaran B,Chohan K, Orchanian-Cheff A, et al. Computed tomographybasedbody composition measures in COPD and their associationwith clinical outcomes: A systematic review. Chron Respir Dis.2022;19:14799731221133387. doi: 10.1177/14799731221133387.
Siouta N, Van Beek K, Preston N, Hasselaar J, Hughes S, Payne S,et al. Towards integration of palliative care in patients with chronicheart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematicliterature review of European guidelines and pathways. BMC PalliatCare. 2016;15:18. doi: 10.1186/s12904-016-0089-4.
Gan WQ, Man SF, Senthilselvan A, Sin DD. Association betweenchronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: asystematic review and a meta-analysis. Thorax. 2004;59(7):574-580.doi: 10.1136/thx.2003.019588.
Vestbo J, Agusti A, Wouters EF, Bakke P, Calverley PM, Celli B, etal. Should we view chronic obstructive pulmonary disease differentlyafter ECLIPSE? A clinical perspective from the study team. AmJ Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189(9):1022-1030. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201311-2006PP.
Zhou B, Liu S, He D, Wang K, Wang Y, Yang T, et al. Fibrinogen isa promising biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:evidence from a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep. 2020;40(7):BSR20193542.doi: 10.1042/BSR20193542.
Mohan M, Parthasarathi A, S KC, Biligere Siddaiah J, Mahesh PA.Fibrinogen: a feasible biomarker in identifying the severity and acuteexacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cureus.2021;13(8):e16864. doi: 10.7759/cureus.16864.
Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, Locantore N, Mullerova H, Tal-Singer R, et al. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(12):1128-1138. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0909883.
Kunter E, Ilvan A, Ozmen N, Demirer E, Ozturk A, Avsar K, et al.Effect of corticosteroids on hemostasis and pulmonary arterialpressure during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation.Respiration. 2008;75(2):145-154. doi: 10.1159/000097748.
Mannino DM, Valvi D, Mullerova H, Tal-Singer R. Fibrinogen, COPDand mortality in a nationally representative U.S. cohort. COPD.2012;9(4):359-366. doi: 10.3109/15412555.2012.668249.
Celli BR, Locantore N, Yates J, Tal-Singer R, Miller BE, Bakke P, etal. Inflammatory biomarkers improve clinical prediction of mortality inchronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2012;185(10):1065-1072. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201110-1792OC.
Leuzzi G, Galeone C, Taverna F, Suatoni P, Morelli D, Pastorino U.C-reactive protein level predicts mortality in COPD: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2017;26(143):160070. doi:10.1183/16000617.0070-2016.
Davis BB, Shen YH, Tancredi DJ, Flores V, Davis RP, Pinkerton KE.Leukocytes are recruited through the bronchial circulation to the lungin a spontaneously hypertensive rat model of COPD. PLoS One.2012;7(3):e33304. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033304.
Agusti A, Edwards LD, Rennard SI, Macnee W, Tal-Singer R, Miller BE,et al. Persistent systemic inflammation is associated with poor clinicaloutcomes in COPD: a novel phenotype. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37483.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037483.
Singh D, Edwards L, Tal-Singer R, Rennard S. Sputum neutrophilsas a biomarker in COPD: findings from the ECLIPSE study. RespirRes. 2010;11(1):77. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-77.
George L, Taylor AR, Esteve-Codina A, Soler Artigas M, ThunGA, Bates S, et al. Blood eosinophil count and airway epithelialtranscriptome relationships in COPD versus asthma. Allergy.2020;75(2):370-380. doi: 10.1111/all.14016.
Higham A, Beech A, Wolosianka S, Jackson N, Long G, Kolsum U, etal. Type 2 inflammation in eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease. Allergy. 2021;76(6):1861-1864. doi: 10.1111/all.14661.
Dalin DA, Lokke A, Kristiansen P, Jensen C, Birkefoss K,Christensen HR, et al. A systematic review of blood eosinophilsand continued treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in patientswith COPD. Respir Med. 2022;198:106880. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106880.
Stockley RA, Halpin DMG, Celli BR, Singh D. Chronic obstructivepulmonary disease biomarkers and their interpretation. Am J RespirCrit Care Med. 2019;199(10):1195-1204. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201810-1860SO.
Harries TH, Rowland V, Corrigan CJ, Marshall IJ, Mcdonnell L, PrasadV, et al. Blood eosinophil count, a marker of inhaled corticosteroideffectiveness in preventing COPD exacerbations in post-hoc RCT andobservational studies: systematic review and meta-analysis. RespirRes. 2020;21(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12931-019-1268-7.
Pascoe S, Locantore N, Dransfield MT, Barnes NC, Pavord ID. Bloodeosinophil counts, exacerbations, and response to the additionof inhaled fluticasone furoate to vilanterol in patients with chronicobstructive pulmonary disease: a secondary analysis of data fromtwo parallel randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med.2015;3(6):435-442. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00106-X.
Cheng SL. Blood eosinophils and inhaled corticosteroids in patientswith COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Chron ObstructPulmon Dis. 2018;13:2775-2784. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S175017.
Horita N, Miyazawa N, Tomaru K, Inoue M, Ishigatsubo Y, KanekoT. Vitamin D binding protein genotype variants and risk of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Respirology.2015;20(2):219-225. doi: 10.1111/resp.12448.
Wang YL, Kong H, Xie WP, Wang H. Association of vitamin D-bindingprotein variants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a metaanalysis.Genet Mol Res. 2015;14(3):10774-10785. doi: 10.4238/2015.September.9.16.
Xiao M, Wang T, Zhu T, Wen F. Dual role of vitamin D-binding protein1F allele in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility:a meta-analysis. Genet Mol Res. 2015;14(2):3534-3540. doi:10.4238/2015.April.17.1.
Leuppi JD, Schuetz P, Bingisser R, Bodmer M, Briel M, DrescherT, et al. Short-term vs conventional glucocorticoid therapy in acuteexacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the REDUCErandomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;309(21):2223-2231. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.5023.
Li X, He J, Yu M, Sun J. The efficacy of vitamin D therapy for patientswith COPD: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. AnnPalliat Med. 2020;9(2):286-297. doi: 10.21037/apm.2020.02.26.
Zhu B, Zhu B, Xiao C, Zheng Z. Vitamin D deficiency is associatedwith the severity of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:1907-1916. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S89763.
Hua Y, Jiang T, Feng J, Zou M. Negligible effect of vitamin Dsupplementation on exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: meta-analysis. Biochem Med (Zagreb).2023;33(3):030703. doi: 10.11613/BM.2023.030703.
Keene JD, Jacobson S, Kechris K, Kinney GL, Foreman MG,Doerschuk CM, et al. Biomarkers predictive of exacerbations in theSPIROMICS and COPDGene cohorts. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2017;195(4):473-481. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201607-1330OC.
Zemans RL, Jacobson S, Keene J, Kechris K, Miller BE, Tal-SingerR, et al. Multiple biomarkers predict disease severity, progression andmortality in COPD. Respir Res. 2017;18(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s12931-017-0597-7.
Perez-Rubio G, Jimenez-Valverde LO, Ramirez-Venegas A,Camarena A, Sansores RH, Flores-Trujillo F, et al. Prevalence ofalpha-1 antitrypsin high-risk variants in Mexican mestizo populationand their association with lung function values. Arch Bronconeumol.2015;51(2):80-85. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2014.09.010.
Kon SS, Canavan JL, Jones SE, Nolan CM, Clark AL, Dickson MJ, etal. Minimum clinically important difference for the COPD AssessmentTest: a prospective analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(3):195-203.doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70001-3.
Karloh M, Fleig Mayer A, Maurici R, Pizzichini MMM, Jones PW,Pizzichini E. The COPD assessment test: what do we know so FAR?:a systematic review and meta-analysis about clinical outcomesprediction and classification of patients into GOLD stages. Chest.2016;149(2):413-425. doi: 10.1378/chest.15-1752.
Gupta N, Pinto LM, Morogan A, Bourbeau J. The COPD assessmenttest: a systematic review. Eur Respir J. 2014;44(4):873-884. doi:10.1183/09031936.00025214.
Jones PW, Tabberer M, Chen WH. Creating scenarios of the impactof COPD and their relationship to COPD Assessment Test (CAT)scores. BMC Pulm Med. 2011;11:42. doi: 10.1186/1471-2466-11-42.
Morishita-Katsu M, Nishimura K, Taniguchi H, Kimura T, KondohY, Kataoka K, et al. The COPD assessment test and St George’sRespiratory Questionnaire: are they equivalent in subjects withCOPD? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016;11:1543-1551. doi:10.2147/COPD.S104947.
Jones PW, Harding G, Berry P, Wiklund I, Chen WH, Kline Leidy N.Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. EurRespir J. 2009;34:648-654. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00102509.
Gustafsson D, Elmberg V, Schioler L, Jensen D, Ekstrom M. Themodified Medical Research Council scale misclassifies exertionalbreathlessness among people referred for exercise testing. ERJ OpenRes. 2023;9(6):00592-2023. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00592-2023.
Corlateanu A, Plahotniuc A, Corlateanu O, Botnaru V, Bikov A,Mathioudakis AG, et al. Multidimensional indices in the assessment ofchronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2021;185:106519.doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106519.
Soler-Cataluna JJ, Martinez-Garcia MA, Sanchez LS, TorderaMP, Sanchez PR. Severe exacerbations and BODE index: twoindependent risk factors for death in male COPD patients. RespirMed. 2009;103(5):692-699. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.12.005.
Golpe R, Esteban C, Figueira-Gon Alves JM, Amado-Diago CA,Blanco-Cid N, Aramburu A, et al. Development and validation ofa prognostic index (BODEXS90) for mortality in stable chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonology. 2023;29(4):276-283.doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.10.008.
Jones RC, Donaldson GC, Chavannes NH, Kida K, Dickson-SpillmannM, Harding S, et al. Derivation and validation of a composite index ofseverity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the DOSE Index.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;180(12):1189-1195. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200902-0271OC.
Puhan MA, Garcia-Aymerich J, Frey M, Ter Riet G, Anto JM, AgustiAG, et al. Expansion of the prognostic assessment of patients withchronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the updated BODE indexand the ADO index. Lancet. 2009;374(9691):704-711. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61301-5.
Tsiligianni IG, Alma HJ, De Jong C, Jelusic D, Wittmann M, SchulerM, et al. Investigating sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curveof the Clinical COPD Questionnaire, COPD Assessment Test, andModified Medical Research Council scale according to GOLD using StGeorge’s Respiratory Questionnaire cutoff 25 (and 20) as reference.Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016;11:1045-1052. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S99793.
Zhou J, Yu N, Li X, Wang W. Accuracy of six chronic obstructivepulmonary disease screening questionnaires in the chinesepopulation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:317-327. doi:10.2147/COPD.S341648.
Schunemann HJ, Puhan M, Goldstein R, Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH.Measurement properties and interpretability of the chronic respiratorydisease questionnaire (CRQ). COPD. 2005;2(1):81-89. doi: 10.1081/copd-200050651.
Zhou Z, Zhou A, Zhao Y, Chen P. Evaluating the clinical COPDquestionnaire: a systematic review. Respirology. 2017;22(2):251-262.doi: 10.1111/resp.12970.
Zhang J, Chen F, Wang Y, Chen Y. Early detection and predictionof acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Chinese Medical Journal Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.2023;1(2):102-107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pccm.2023.04.004.
Mahler DA, Weinberg DH, Wells CK, Feinstein AR. The measurementof dyspnea. Contents, interobserver agreement, and physiologiccorrelates of two new clinical indexes. Chest. 1984;85(6):751-758.doi: 10.1378/chest.85.6.751.
Mahler DA, Waterman LA, Ward J, Mccusker C, Zuwallack R, BairdJC. Validity and responsiveness of the self-administered computerizedversions of the baseline and transition dyspnea indexes. Chest.2007;132(4):1283-1290. doi: 10.1378/chest.07-0703.
Mahler DA, Ward J, Waterman LA, Mccusker C, Zuwallack R, BairdJC. Patient-reported dyspnea in COPD reliability and associationwith stage of disease. Chest. 2009;136(6):1473-1479. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0934.
Chhabra SK, Gupta AK, Khuma MZ. Evaluation of three scales ofdyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Thorac Med.2009;4(3):128-132. doi: 10.4103/1817-1737.53351.
Kim Y, Kim YJ, Cho WK. Effect of multiple comorbidities on mortalityin chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Korean population: anationwide cohort study. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12890-021-01424-7.
Eroglu SA, Gunen H, Yakar HI, Yildiz E, Kavas M, Duman D. Influenceof comorbidities in long-term survival of chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease patients. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(4):1379-1386. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2019.03.78.
Charlson M, Szatrowski TP, Peterson J, Gold J. Validation of acombined comorbidity index. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47(11):1245-1251.doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(94)90129-5.
De Torres JP, Casanova C, Marin JM, Pinto-Plata V, Divo M, ZuluetaJJ, et al. Prognostic evaluation of COPD patients: GOLD 2011versus BODE and the COPD comorbidity index COTE. Thorax.2014;69(9):799-804. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205770.
Owusuaa C, Dijkland SA, Nieboer D, Van Der Rijt CCD, Van DerHeide A. Predictors of mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med.2022;22(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-01911-5.
Divo M, Cote C, De Torres JP, Casanova C, Marin JM, Pinto-PlataV, et al. Comorbidities and risk of mortality in patients with chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2012;186(2):155-161. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201201-0034OC.
Chen H, Luo X, Du Y, He C, Lu Y, Shi Z, et al. Association betweenchronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseasein adults aged 40 years and above: data from NHANES 2013-2018.BMC Pulm Med. 2023;23(1):318. doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02606-1.
Chen W, Thomas J, Sadatsafavi M, Fitzgerald JM. Risk ofcardiovascular comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. LancetRespir Med. 2015;3(8):631-639. doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00241-6.
Corlateanu A, Covantev S, Mathioudakis AG, Botnaru V, CazzolaM, Siafakas N. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and stroke.COPD. 2018;15(4):405-413. doi: 10.1080/15412555.2018.1464551.
Kim YR, Hwang IC, Lee YJ, Ham EB, Park DK, Kim S. Strokerisk among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo).2018;73:e177. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e177.
Freixa X, Portillo K, Paré C, Garcia-Aymerich J, Gomez FP, BenetM, et al. Echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with COPD attheir first hospital admission. Eur Respir J. 2013;41(4):784-791. doi:10.1183/09031936.00222511.
Rodriguez LA, Wallander MA, Martin-Merino E, Johansson S. Heartfailure, myocardial infarction, lung cancer and death in COPD patients:a UK primary care study. Respir Med. 2010;104(11):1691-1699. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2010.04.018.
Fabbri LM, Luppi F, Beghe B, Rabe KF. Complex chroniccomorbidities of COPD. Eur Respir J. 2008;31(1):204-212. doi:10.1183/09031936.00114307.
Santos NCD, Miravitlles M, Camelier AA, Almeida VDC, Maciel R,Camelier FWR. Prevalence and impact of comorbidities in individualswith chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. TubercRespir Dis (Seoul). 2022;85(3):205-220. doi: 10.4046/trd.2021.0179.
Yin HL, Yin SQ, Lin QY, Xu Y, Xu HW, Liu T. Prevalence ofcomorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: ameta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(19):e6836. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000006836.
Tillie-Leblond I, Marquette CH, Perez T, Scherpereel A, Zanetti C,Tonnel AB, et al. Pulmonary embolism in patients with unexplainedexacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prevalenceand risk factors. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(6):390-396. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-6-200603210-00005.
Gunen H, Gulbas G, In E, Yetkin O, Hacievliyagil SS. Venousthromboemboli and exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir J.2010;35(6):1243-1248. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00120909.
Han W, Wang M, Xie Y, Ruan H, Zhao H, Li J. Prevalence of pulmonaryembolism and deep venous thromboembolism in patients with acuteexacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:732855. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.732855.
Sato R, Hasegawa D, Nishida K, Takahashi K, Schleicher M,Chaisson N. Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with acuteexacerbations of COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AmJ Emerg Med. 2021;50:606-617. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.09.041.
Fu X, Zhong Y, Xu W, Ju J, Yu M, Ge M, et al. The prevalenceand clinical features of pulmonary embolism in patients withAE-COPD: A meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One.2021;16(9):e0256480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256480.
Chaouat A, Naeije R, Weitzenblum E. Pulmonary hypertension in COPD.Eur Respir J. 2008;32(5):1371-1385. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00015608.
Chaouat A, Bugnet AS, Kadaoui N, Schott R, Enache I, DucoloneA, et al. Severe pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructivepulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172(2):189-194.doi: 10.1164/rccm.200401-006OC.
Arif R, Pandey A, Zhao Y, Treatment of pulmonary hypertensionassociated with COPD: a systematic review. ERJ Open Res.2022;8(1):00348-2021. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00348-2021.
Schuster M, Müller J, Schwarz EI, Saxer S, Schneider SR,Ulrich S, et al. Oxygen therapy in pulmonary vascular disease: asystematic review, meta-analysis, and comment. Heart Fail Clin.2023;19(1s):e1-e11. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.11.001.
Rizkallah J, Man SFP, Sin DD. Prevalence of pulmonary embolism inacute exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review and metaanalysis.Chest. 2009;135(3):786-793. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1516.
Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhao S, Wang Z, Zhang M, Zhang S, et al. Theincidence and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in the COPDpopulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J ChronObstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:1365-1379. doi: 10.2147/copd.S359873.
Sin DD, Man SF. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a riskfactor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Proc Am ThoracSoc. 2005;2(1):8-11. doi: 10.1513/pats.200404-032MS.
Buch P, Friberg J, Scharling H, Lange P, Prescott E. Reducedlung function and risk of atrial fibrillation in the CopenhagenCity Heart Study. Eur Respir J. 2003;21(6):1012-1016. doi:10.1183/09031936.03.00051502.
Al-Khatib SM, Granger CB, Huang Y, Lee KL, Califf RM, SimoonsML, et al. Sustained ventricular arrhythmias among patients withacute coronary syndromes with no ST-segment elevation: incidence,predictors, and outcomes. Circulation. 2002;106(3):309-312. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000022692.49934.e3.
Romiti GF, Corica B, Pipitone E, Vitolo M, Raparelli V, Basili S,et al. Prevalence, management and impact of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and metaanalysisof 4,200,000 patients. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(35):3541-3554.doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab453
Ye J, Yao P, Shi X, Yu X. A systematic literature review and metaanalysison the impact of COPD on atrial fibrillation patient outcome.Heart Lung. 2022;51:67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.09.001.
Regvat J, Zmitek A, Vegnuti M, Kosnik M, Suskovic S. Anxiety anddepression during hospital treatment of exacerbation of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. J Int Med Res. 2011;39(3):1028-1038.doi: 10.1177/147323001103900338.
Volpato E, Toniolo S, Pagnini F, Banfi P. The relationship betweenanxiety, depression and treatment adherence in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: a systematic review. Int J Chron Obstruct PulmonDis. 2021;16:2001-2021. doi: 10.2147/copd.S313841.
Schneider C, Jick SS, Bothner U, Meier CR. COPD and the risk ofdepression. Chest. 2010;137(2):341-347. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0614.
Koenig HG, Cohen HJ, Blazer DG, Krishnan KR, Sibert TE. Profileof depressive symptoms in younger and older medical inpatientswith major depression. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1993;41(11):1169-1176. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb07298.x.
Leone N, Courbon D, Thomas F, Bean K, Jego B, Leynaert B, et al.Lung function impairment and metabolic syndrome: the critical role ofabdominal obesity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179(6):509-516.doi: 10.1164/rccm.200807-1195OC.
Funakoshi Y, Omori H, Mihara S, Marubayashi T, Katoh T. Associationbetween airflow obstruction and the metabolic syndrome or itscomponents in Japanese men. Intern Med. 2010;49(19):2093-2099.doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.3882.
Cebron Lipovec N, Beijers RJ, Van Den Borst B, Doehner W,Lainscak M, Schols AM. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome inchronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. COPD.2016;13(3):399-406. doi: 10.3109/15412555.2016.1140732.
Wagner PD. Possible mechanisms underlying the developmentof cachexia in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2008;31(3):492-501. doi:10.1183/09031936.00074807.
Vestbo J, Prescott E, Almdal T, Dahl M, Nordestgaard BG, AndersenT, et al. Body mass, fat-free body mass, and prognosis in patientswith chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from a randompopulation sample: findings from the Copenhagen City HeartStudy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(1):79-83. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200506-969OC.
Deng M, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Bian Y, Zhou X, Hou G. Global prevalence ofmalnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:systemic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2023;42(6):848-858.doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.04.005.
Gattermann Pereira T, Lima J, Silva FM. Undernutrition is associatedwith mortality, exacerbation, and poorer quality of life in patients withchronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review withmeta-analysis of observational studies. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr.2022;46(5):977-996. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2350.
Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Osadnik C, Phu S, Morita AA, Duque G, ProbstVS. Diagnosis, prevalence, and clinical impact of sarcopenia in COPD:a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia SarcopeniaMuscle. 2020;11(5):1164-1176. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12600.
Benz E, Trajanoska K, Lahousse L, Schoufour JD, TerzikhanN, De Roos E, et al. Sarcopenia in COPD: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2019;28(154):190049. doi:10.1183/16000617.0049-2019.
De Blasio F, Di Gregorio A, De Blasio F, Bianco A, Bellofiore B, ScalfiL. Malnutrition and sarcopenia assessment in patients with chronicobstructive pulmonary disease according to international diagnosticcriteria, and evaluation of raw BIA variables. Respir Med. 2018;134:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.11.006.
Brigham EP, Anderson JA, Brook RD, Calverley PMA, Celli BR,Cowans NJ, et al. Challenging the obesity paradox: extreme obesityand COPD mortality in the SUMMIT trial. ERJ Open Research.2021;7(3):00902-2020. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00902-2020.
Putcha N, Anzueto AR, Calverley PMA, Celli BR, Tashkin DP, MetzdorfN, et al. Mortality and exacerbation risk by body mass index inpatients with COPD in TIOSPIR and UPLIFT. Ann Am Thorac Soc.2022;19(2):204-213. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202006-722OC.
Maggi S, Siviero P, Gonnelli S, Schiraldi C, Malavolta N, Nuti R, etal. Osteoporosis risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: the EOLO study. J Clin Densitom. 2009;12(3):345-352. doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2009.05.003.
Graat-Verboom L, Wouters EF, Smeenk FW, Van Den Borne BE,Lunde R, Spruit MA. Current status of research on osteoporosis inCOPD: a systematic review. Eur Respir J. 2009;34(1):209-218. doi:10.1183/09031936.50130408.
Bitar AN, Syed Sulaiman SA, Ali IaH, Khan I, Khan AH. Osteoporosisamong patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, severity, andtherapeutic outcomes. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019;11(4):310-320.doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_126_19.
Cote C, Zilberberg MD, Mody SH, Dordelly LJ, Celli B. Haemoglobinlevel and its clinical impact in a cohort of patients with COPD. EurRespir J. 2007;29(5):923-929. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00137106.
Yohannes AM, Ershler WB. Anemia in COPD: a systematic reviewof the prevalence, quality of life, and mortality. Respir Care.2011;56(5):644-652. doi: 10.4187/respcare.01002.
Alisamir M, Ebrahimi M, Rahim F. Anemia in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: a systematic review. Respir Investig.2022;60(4):510-521. doi: 10.1016/j.resinv.2022.03.006.
Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med.2005;352(10):1011-1023. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra041809.
Zeng Z, Song Y, He X, Yang H, Yue F, Xiong M, et al. Obstructive sleepapnea is associated with an increased prevalence of polycythemiain patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J ChronObstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:195-204. doi: 10.2147/copd.S338824.
Zhang J, Demeo DL, Silverman EK, Make BJ, Wade RC, Wells JM, etal. Secondary polycythemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:prevalence and risk factors. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):235. doi:10.1186/s12890-021-01585-5.
Du D, Zhang G, Xu D, Liu L, Hu X, Chen L, et al. Prevalence andclinical characteristics of sleep disorders in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SleepMed. 2023;112:282-290. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.10.034.
Olaithe M, Bucks RS, Hillman DR, Eastwood PR. Cognitive deficits inobstructive sleep apnea: Insights from a meta-review and comparisonwith deficits observed in COPD, insomnia, and sleep deprivation.Sleep Med Rev. 2018;38:39-49. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.03.005.
Loganathan RS, Stover DE, Shi W, Venkatraman E. Prevalence ofCOPD in women compared to men around the time of diagnosis ofprimary lung cancer. Chest. 2006;129(5):1305-1312. doi: 10.1378/chest.129.5.1305.
Young RP, Hopkins RJ, Christmas T, Black PN, Metcalf P, GambleGD. COPD prevalence is increased in lung cancer, independent ofage, sex and smoking history. Eur Respir J. 2009;34(2):380-386. doi:10.1183/09031936.00144208.
Sekine Y, Katsura H, Koh E, Hiroshima K, Fujisawa T. Early detectionof COPD is important for lung cancer surveillance. Eur Respir J.2012;39(5):1230-1240. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00126011.
Takiguchi Y, Sekine I, Iwasawa S, Kurimoto R, Tatsumi K. Chronicobstructive pulmonary disease as a risk factor for lung cancer. WorldJ Clin Oncol. 2014;5(4):660-666. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i4.660.
Wang W, Dou S, Dong W, Xie M, Cui L, Zheng C, et al. Impact ofCOPD on prognosis of lung cancer: from a perspective on diseaseheterogeneity. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;13:3767-3776.doi: 10.2147/COPD.S168048.
Wu K, Wang J, Zhao L, Wang P, Duan Q. The prognosis of nonsmallcell lung cancer combined with chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Respir J.2020;14(4):389-396. doi: 10.1111/crj.13144.
Lin H, Lu Y, Lin L, Meng K, Fan J. Does chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease relate to poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer?: ameta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(11):e14837. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000014837.
Anthonisen NR, Skeans MA, Wise RA, Manfreda J, Kanner RE,Connett JE. The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on14.5-year mortality: a randomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med.2005;142(4):233-239. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-142-4-200502150-00005.
Shahab L, Jarvis MJ, Britton J, West R. Prevalence, diagnosis andrelation to tobacco dependence of chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease in a nationally representative population sample. Thorax.2006;61(12):1043-1047. doi: 10.1136/thx.2006.064410.
Willemse BW, Postma DS, Timens W, Ten Hacken NH. The impactof smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms, lung function, airwayhyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Eur Respir J. 2004;23(3):464-476. doi: 10.1183/09031936.04.00012704.
Warnier MJ, Van Riet EE, Rutten FH, De Bruin ML, Sachs AP.Smoking cessation strategies in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J.2013;41(3):727-734. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00014012.
Kirsch F. A systematic review of quality and cost-effectiveness derivedfrom Markov models evaluating smoking cessation interventionsin patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ExpertRev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2015;15(2):301-316. doi:10.1586/14737167.2015.1001976.
Jiménez-Ruiz CA, Masa F, Miravitlles M, Gabriel R, Viejo JL,Villasante C, et al. Smoking characteristics: differences in attitudesand dependence between healthy smokers and smokers with COPD.Chest. 2001;119(5):1365-1370. doi: 10.1378/chest.119.5.1365.
Van Eerd EA, Van Der Meer RM, Van Schayck OC, Kotz D. Smokingcessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(8):CD010744. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010744.pub2
Zabert GE. Una oportunidad que no debe ser desaprovechada.Neumol Cir Tórax. 2024;83(2):121-122. doi: 10.35366/119280
García-Gómez L, Hernández-Pérez A, Noé-Díaz V, Riesco-MirandaJA, Jiménez-Ruiz C. Smoking cessation treatments: currentpsychological and pharmacological options. Rev Invest Clín.2019;71(1):7-16. doi: 10.24875/ric.18002629.
Cheng CCW, He WJA, Gouda H, Zhang MJ, Luk TT, Wang MP, et al.Effectiveness of very brief advice on tobacco cessation: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2024;39(9):1721-1734.doi: 10.1007/s11606-024-08786-8.
Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T. Nicotinereplacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation. CochraneDatabase Syst Rev. 2018;5(5):CD000146. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5.
Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Kiley JP, Altose MD, Bailey WC, BuistAS, et al. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaledanticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. TheLung Health Study. JAMA. 1994;272(19):1497-1505. Available in:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7966841
Tonnesen P, Mikkelsen K, Bremann L. Nurse-conducted smokingcessation in patients with COPD using nicotine sublingual tabletsand behavioral support. Chest. 2006;130(2):334-342. doi: 10.1378/chest.130.2.334.
Theodoulou A, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Fanshawe TR, Bullen C, Hartmann-Boyce J, et al. Different doses, durations and modes of deliveryof nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. CochraneDatabase Syst Rev. 2023;6(6):CD013308. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013308.pub2.
Bedolla-Tinoco A, Ortíz-González YG, García-Peña L, Thirión-Romero I, Robles-Hernández R, Hernández-Pérez A, et al.Propuesta de abordaje terapéutico para el abandono del tabaco enpacientes hospitalizados. Neumol Cir Tórax. 2024;83(2):134-142. doi:10.35366/119283.
Tashkin D, Kanner R, Bailey W, Buist S, Anderson P, Nides M, et al.Smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Lancet.2001;357(9268):1571-1575. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04724-3.
Cahill K, Stevens S, Perera R, Lancaster T. Pharmacologicalinterventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network metaanalysis.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2013(5):CD009329. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009329.pub2.
Hernandez Zenteno RJ, Lara DF, Venegas AR, Sansores RH, PinedaJR, Trujillo FF, et al. Varenicline for long term smoking cessation inpatients with COPD. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2018;53:116-120. doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2018.11.001.
Hajek P, Mcrobbie H, Myers K. Efficacy of cytisine in helping smokersquit: systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2013;68(11):1037-1042. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-203035.
Stead LF, Koilpillai P, Fanshawe TR, Lancaster T. Combinedpharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smokingcessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3(3):CD008286. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008286.pub3.
Rasmussen M, Lauridsen SV, Pedersen B, Backer V, Tonnesen H.Intensive versus short face-to-face smoking cessation interventions:a meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2022;31(165):220063. doi:10.1183/16000617.0063-2022.
Hanewinkel R, Niederberger K, Pedersen A, Unger JB, GalimovA. E-cigarettes and nicotine abstinence: a meta-analysis ofrandomised controlled trials. Eur Respir Rev. 2022;31(163):210215.doi: 10.1183/16000617.0215-2021.
Lindson N, Butler AR, Mcrobbie H, Bullen C, Hajek P, Begh R, et al.Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database SystRev. 2024;1(1):CD010216. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub8.
Foulds J, Burke M, Steinberg M, Williams JM, Ziedonis DM. Advancesin pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence. Expert Opin EmergDrugs. 2004;9(1):39-53. doi: 10.1517/eoed.9.1.39.32951.
Clinical Practice Guideline Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence2008 Update Panel, Liaisons, and Staff. A clinical practice guidelinefor treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. A U.S. PublicHealth Service report. Am J Prev Med. 2008;35(2):158-176. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.009.
Giulietti F, Filipponi A, Rosettani G, Giordano P, Iacoacci C, SpannellaF, et al. Pharmacological approach to smoking cessation: an updatedreview for daily clinical practice. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev.2020;27(5):349-362. doi: 10.1007/s40292-020-00396-9.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. MPOWER: un plan de medidaspara hacer retroceder la epidemia de tabaquismo. Ginebra:Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2008. Disponible en: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/43891
Skogstad M, Kjaerheim K, Fladseth G, Gjolstad M, Daae HL,Olsen R, et al. Cross shift changes in lung function among bar andrestaurant workers before and after implementation of a smokingban. Occup Environ Med. 2006;63(7):482-487. doi: 10.1136/oem.2005.024638.
Eisner MD, Smith AK, Blanc PD. Bartenders’ respiratory healthafter establishment of smoke-free bars and taverns. JAMA.1998;280(22):1909-1914. doi: 10.1001/jama.280.22.1909.
Allwright S, Paul G, Greiner B, Mullally BJ, Pursell L, Kelly A, et al.Legislation for smoke-free workplaces and health of bar workersin Ireland: before and after study. BMJ. 2005;331(7525):1117. doi:10.1136/bmj.38636.499225.55.
Eagan TM, Hetland J, Aaro LE. Decline in respiratory symptoms inservice workers five months after a public smoking ban. Tob Control.2006;15(3):242-246. doi: 10.1136/tc.2005.015479.
Menzies D, Nair A, Williamson PA, Schembri S, Al-Khairalla MZ,Barnes M, et al. Respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, andmarkers of inflammation among bar workers before and after alegislative ban on smoking in public places. JAMA. 2006;296(14):1742-1748. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.14.1742.
Frazer K, Callinan JE, Mchugh J, Van Baarsel S, Clarke A,Doherty K, et al. Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms fromsecondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobaccoconsumption. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2(2):CD005992.doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005992.pub3.
Lim CCW, Rutherford B, Gartner C, Mcclure-Thomas C, Foo S, SuFY, et al. A systematic review of second-hand smoking mass mediacampaigns (2002-2022). BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):693. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18222-5.
Dherani M, Zehra SN, Jackson C, Satyanaryana V, Huque R, ChandraP, et al. Behaviour change interventions to reduce second-handsmoke exposure at home in pregnant women - a systematic reviewand intervention appraisal. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):378.doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1562-7.
Pope D, Johnson M, Fleeman N, Jagoe K, Duarte R, Maden M, etal. Are cleaner cooking solutions clean enough? A systematic reviewand meta-analysis of particulate and carbon monoxide concentrationsand exposures. Environmental Research Letters. 2021;16(8):083002.doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac13ec.
Thomas E, Wickramasinghe K, Mendis S, Roberts N, Foster C.Improved stove interventions to reduce household air pollution in lowand middle income countries: a descriptive systematic review. BMCPublic Health. 2015;15:650. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2024-7.
Thakur M, Nuyts PaW, Boudewijns EA, Flores Kim J, Faber T, BabuGR, et al. Impact of improved cookstoves on women’s and childhealth in low and middle income countries: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Thorax. 2018;73(11):1026-1040. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210952.
Chapman RS, He X, Blair AE, Lan Q. Improvement in householdstoves and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xuanwei,China: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2005;331(7524):1050. doi:10.1136/bmj.38628.676088.55.
Schilmann A, Riojas-Rodriguez H, Catalan-Vazquez M, Estevez-Garcia JA, Masera O, Berrueta-Soriano V, et al. A follow-up studyafter an improved cookstove intervention in rural Mexico: Estimationof household energy use and chronic PM(2.5) exposure. Environ Int.2019;131:105013. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105013.
Cynthia AA, Edwards RD, Johnson M, Zuk M, Rojas L, JimenezRD, et al. Reduction in personal exposures to particulate matter andcarbon monoxide as a result of the installation of a Patsari improvedcook stove in Michoacan Mexico. Indoor Air. 2008;18(2):93-105. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00509.x.
Masera OR, Díaz RD, Berrueta V. From cookstoves to cookingsystems: the integrated program on sustainable household energyuse in Mexico. Energy Sustain Dev. 2005;9(1):25-36. doi: 10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60480-9.
De Matteis S, Jarvis D, Darnton A, Hutchings S, Sadhra S, Fishwick D,et al. The occupations at increased risk of COPD: analysis of lifetimejob-histories in the population-based UK Biobank Cohort. Eur RespirJ. 2019;54(1):1900186. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00186-2019.
Ryu MH, Murphy S, Hinkley M, Carlsten C. COPD exposed to airpollution: a path to understand and protect a susceptible population.Chest. 2024;165(4):836-846. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.11.012.
Hansel NN, Putcha N, Woo H, Peng R, Diette GB, Fawzy A, et al.Randomized clinical trial of air cleaners to improve indoor air qualityand chronic obstructive pulmonary disease health: results of theCLEAN AIR study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(4):421-430.doi: 10.1164/rccm.202103-0604OC.
Lorizio W, Woo H, Mccormack MC, Liu C, Putcha N, Wood M, et al.Patterns and predictors of air cleaner adherence among adults withCOPD. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022;9(3):366-376. doi: 10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0309.
Woo H, Koehler K, Putcha N, Lorizio W, Mccormack M, Peng R, et al.Principal stratification analysis to determine health benefit of indoorair pollution reduction in a randomized environmental interventionin COPD: results from the CLEAN AIR study. Sci Total Environ.2023;868:161573. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161573.
Kang J, Jung JY, Huh JY, Ji HW, Kim HC, Lee SW. Behavioralinterventions to reduce particulate matter exposure in patients withCOPD. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(49):e28119. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028119.
Zhou Y, Hu G, Wang D, Wang S, Wang Y, Liu Z, et al. Communitybased integrated intervention for prevention and management ofchronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Guangdong, China:cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2010;341:c6387. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c6387.
Ambrosino N, Bertella E. Lifestyle interventions in preventionand comprehensive management of COPD. Breathe (Sheff).2018;14(3):186-194. doi: 10.1183/20734735.018618.
Beijers R, Steiner MC, Schols A. The role of diet and nutrition in themanagement of COPD. Eur Respir Rev. 2023;32(168):230003. doi:10.1183/16000617.0003-2023.
Van Iersel LEJ, Beijers R, Gosker HR, Schols A. Nutrition as amodifiable factor in the onset and progression of pulmonary functionimpairment in COPD: a systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2022;80(6):1434-1444. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab077.
Zheng PF, Shu L, Si CJ, Zhang XY, Yu XL, Gao W. Dietary patternsand chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Copd.2016;13(4):515-522. doi: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1098606.
Hanson C, Sayles H, Rutten E, Wouters EFM, Macnee W, CalverleyP, et al. The association between dietary intake and phenotypicalcharacteristics of COPD in the ECLIPSE cohort. Chronic Obstr PulmDis. 2014;1(1):115-124. doi: 10.15326/jcopdf.1.1.2014.0113.
Salari-Moghaddam A, Milajerdi A, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A.Processed red meat intake and risk of COPD: A systematic reviewand dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. ClinNutr. 2019;38(3):1109-1116. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.020.
Okubo H, Shaheen SO, Ntani G, Jameson KA, Syddall HE, Sayer AA,et al. Processed meat consumption and lung function: modificationby antioxidants and smoking. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(4):972-982.
Zhai H, Wang Y, Jiang W. Fruit and vegetable intake and the riskof chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a dose-response metaanalysisof observational studies. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:3783481.doi: 10.1155/2020/3783481.
Keranis E, Makris D, Rodopoulou P, Martinou H, Papamakarios G,Daniil Z, et al. Impact of dietary shift to higher-antioxidant foods inCOPD: a randomised trial. Eur Respir J. 2010;36(4):774-780.
Piao Z, Chai B, Wu Y, Diao H, He Q, Zheng Q, et al. The associationbetween polyunsaturated fatty acids and chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Food Funct. 2024;15(11):5929-5941. doi: 10.1039/d3fo04675c.
Engelen MPKJ, Jonker R, Sulaiman H, Fisk HL, Calder PC, DeutzNEP. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation improvespostabsorptive and prandial protein metabolism in patients withchronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial.Am J Clin Nutr. 2022;116(3):686-698.
Engelen M, Simbo SY, Ruebush LE, Thaden JJ, Ten Have GaM,Harrykissoon RI, et al. Functional and metabolic effects of omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and the role of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate addition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2024;43(9):2263-2278. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.004.
Szmidt MK, Kaluza J, Harris HR, Linden A, Wolk A. Long-term dietaryfiber intake and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: aprospective cohort study of women. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(5):1869-1879.doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02038-w.
Bernardes S, Eckert IDC, Burgel CF, Teixeira PJZ, Silva FM.Increased energy and/or protein intake improves anthropometry andmuscle strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: asystematic review with meta-analysis on randomised controlled clinicaltrials. Br J Nutr. 2022:13:1-18. doi: 10.1017/S0007114522000976.
Furulund E, Bemanian M, Berggren N, Madebo T, Rivedal SH, LidTG, et al. Effects of nutritional interventions in individuals with chronicobstructive lung disease: a systematic review of randomized controlledtrials. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2021;16:3145-3156. doi:10.2147/COPD.S323736.
Parvizian MK, Dhaliwal M, Li J, Satia I, Kurmi OP. Relationship betweendietary patterns and COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ERJOpen Res. 2020;6(2):00168-2019. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00168-2019.
Rausch-Osthoff AK, Kohler M, Sievi NA, Clarenbach CF, Van GestelAJ. Association between peripheral muscle strength, exerciseperformance, and physical activity in daily life in patients with ChronicObstructive Pulmonary Disease. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2014;9(1):37.doi: 10.1186/2049-6958-9-37.
Priego-Jimenez S, Torres-Costoso A, Guzman-Pavon MJ, Lorenzo-Garcia P, Luceron-Lucas-Torres MI, Alvarez-Bueno C. Efficacyof different types of physical activity interventions on exercisecapacity in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD): a network meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health.2022;19(21):14539. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114539.
Zangger G, Bricca A, Liaghat B, Juhl CB, Mortensen SR, AndersenRM, et al. Benefits and harms of digital health interventions promotingphysical activity in people with chronic conditions: systematic review andmeta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2023;25:e46439. doi: 10.2196/46439.
Reilly C, Sails J, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Birch RJ, Mckenna J,Clifton IJ, et al. Physical activity promotion interventions in chronicairways disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur RespirRev. 2023;32(167):220109. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0109-2022.
Tanimura K, Sato S, Fujita Y, Yamamoto Y, Hajiro T, Horita N, et al. Theefficacy and safety of additional treatment with short-acting muscarinicantagonist combined with long-acting beta-2 agonist in stable patientswith chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review andmeta-analysis. Chron Respir Dis. 2023;20:14799731231166008. doi:10.1177/14799731231166008.
Kitaguchi Y, Fujimoto K, Komatsu Y, Hanaoka M, Honda T, KuboK. Additive efficacy of short-acting bronchodilators on dynamichyperinflation and exercise tolerance in stable COPD patients treatedwith long-acting bronchodilators. Respir Med. 2013;107(3):394-400.doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.11.013.
Bourbeau J, Bhutani M, Hernandez P, Aaron SD, BeauchesneMF, Kermelly SB, et al. 2023 Canadian thoracic society guidelineon pharmacotherapy in patients with stable COPD. Chest.2023;164(5):1159-1183. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.08.014.
Álvarez FV, Trueba IM, Sanchis JB, López-Rodó LM, RodríguezSuárez PM, De Cos Escuín JS, et al. Recommendations of the SpanishSociety of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery on the diagnosis andtreatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Arch Bronconeumol. 2016;52Suppl 1:2-62. doi: 10.1016/s0300-2896(16)30198-3.
Kew KM, Dias S, Cates CJ. Long-acting inhaled therapy (betaagonists,anticholinergics and steroids) for COPD: a network metaanalysis.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(3):CD010844. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010844.pub2.
Ismaila AS, Huisman EL, Punekar YS, Karabis A. Comparativeefficacy of long-acting muscarinic antagonist monotherapies in COPD:a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Chron ObstructPulmon Dis. 2015;10:2495-2517. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S92412.
Zhang C, Zhang M, Wang Y, Xiong H, Huang Q, Shuai T, et al.Efficacy and cardiovascular safety of LAMA in patients with COPD: asystematic review and meta-analysis. J Investig Med. 2021;69(8):1391-1398. doi: 10.1136/jim-2021-001931.
Di Marco F, Sotgiu G, Santus P, O’donnell DE, Beeh KM, Dore S,et al. Long-acting bronchodilators improve exercise capacity inCOPD patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res.2018;19(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12931-018-0721-3.
Calzetta L, Ora J, Cavalli F, Rogliani P, O’donnell DE, Cazzola M.Impact of LABA/LAMA combination on exercise endurance and lunghyperinflation in COPD: A pair-wise and network meta-analysis. RespirMed. 2017;129:189-198. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.06.020.
Miravitlles M, Urrutia G, Mathioudakis AG, Ancochea J. Efficacy andsafety of tiotropium and olodaterol in COPD: a systematic review andmeta-analysis. Respir Res. 2017;18(1):196. doi: 10.1186/s12931-017-0683-x.
Huisman EL, Cockle SM, Ismaila AS, Karabis A, Punekar YS.Comparative efficacy of combination bronchodilator therapies inCOPD: a network meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis.2015;10:1863-1881. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S87082.
Hurst JR, Gruffydd-Jones K, Biswas M, Guranlioglu D, Jenkins M,Stjepanovic N, et al. Efficacy and safety of LAMA/LABA fixed-dosecombination therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: asystematic review of direct and indirect treatment comparisons. Int JChron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020;15:1529-1543. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S230955.
Miravitlles M, Garcia-Rivero JL, Ribera X, Galera J, Garcia A, PalominoR, et al. Exercise capacity and physical activity in COPD patients treatedwith a LAMA/LABA combination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Respir Res. 2022;23(1):347. doi: 10.1186/s12931-022-02268-3.
Lopez-Campos JL, Calero-Acuna C, Marquez-Martin E, QuintanaGallego E, Carrasco-Hernandez L, Abad Arranz M, et al. Doublebronchodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a crudeanalysis from a systematic review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis.2017;12:1867-1876. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S132962.
Mammen MJ, Pai V, Aaron SD, Nici L, Alhazzani W, Alexander PE.Dual LABA/LAMA therapy versus LABA or LAMA monotherapy forchronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A systematic review andmeta-analysis in support of the American Thoracic Society ClinicalPractice Guideline. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2020;17(9):1133-1143. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201912-915OC.
Rodrigo GJ, Price D, Anzueto A, Singh D, Altman P, Bader G, et al.LABA/LAMA combinations versus LAMA monotherapy or LABA/ICSin COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Chron ObstructPulmon Dis. 2017;12:907-922. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S130482.
Langham S, Lewis J, Pooley N, Embleton N, Langham J, Han MK,et al. Single-inhaler triple therapy in patients with chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: a systematic review. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):242.doi: 10.1186/s12931-019-1213-9.
Long H, Xu H, Janssens JP, Guo Y. Single-inhaler triple vs singleinhalerdual therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Respir Res.2021;22(1):209. doi: 10.1186/s12931-021-01794-w.
Mammen MJ, Lloyd DR, Kumar S, Ahmed AS, Pai V, KunadharajuR, et al. Triple therapy versus dual or monotherapy with longactingbronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc.2020;17(10):1308-1318. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202001-023OC.
Erratum in: Triple therapy versus dual or monotherapy with longactingbronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc.2021;18(2):377. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.v18erratum3.
Cazzola M, Rogliani P, Calzetta L, Matera MG. Triple therapyversus single and dual long-acting bronchodilator therapy inCOPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J.2018;52(6):1801586. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01586-2018.
Kwak MS, Kim E, Jang EJ, Kim HJ, Lee CH. The efficacy and safety oftriple inhaled treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: a systematic review and meta-analysis using Bayesianmethods. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:2365-2376. doi:10.2147/COPD.S93191.
Van Geffen WH, Tan DJ, Walters JA, Walters EH. Inhaledcorticosteroids with combination inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists for chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2023;12(12):CD011600. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011600.pub3.
Regard L, Burgel PR, Roche N. Inhaled therapy, cardiovascularrisk and benefit-risk considerations in COPD: innocent until provenguilty, or vice versa? Eur Respir J. 2023;61(2):2202135. doi:10.1183/13993003.02135-2022.
Yang IA, Ferry OR, Clarke MS, Sim EH, Fong KM. Inhaledcorticosteroids versus placebo for stable chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;3(3):CD002991. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002991.pub4.
Ding Y, Sun L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Chen Y. Efficacy of ICS versus non-ICS combination therapy in COPD: a meta-analysis of randomisedcontrolled trials. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:1051-1067.doi: 10.2147/COPD.S347588.
Pirera E, Di Raimondo D, Tuttolomondo A. Triple therapy de-escalationand withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids to dual bronchodilatortherapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med.2024;13(20):6199. doi: 10.3390/jcm13206199.
Rogliani P, Ritondo BL, Gabriele M, Cazzola M, Calzetta L. Optimizingde-escalation of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: a systematic reviewof real-world findings. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2020;13(9):977-990. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1817739.
Chrystyn H, Van Der Palen J, Sharma R, Barnes N, Delafont B,Mahajan A, et al. Device errors in asthma and COPD: systematicliterature review and meta-analysis. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med.2017;27(1):22. doi: 10.1038/s41533-017-0016-z.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Chronicobstructive pulmonary disease in over 16s: diagnosis andmanagement [Internet]. London: NICE; 2019. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31211541
Nogueda Orozco MJ, Barrientos Casarrubias V, Robles García R,Sierra Madero JG. Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria(HADS): validación en pacientes mexicanos con infección por VIH.Psicología Iberoamericana. 2013;21:1-11.
Papi A, Avdeev S, Calverley PMA, Cordeiro CR, Jesenak M, KoblizekV, et al. Use of mucolytics in COPD: A Delphi consensus study. RespirMed. 2020;175:106190. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106190.
Cazzola M, Rogliani P, Calzetta L, Hanania NA, Matera MG.Impact of mucolytic agents on COPD exacerbations: a pair-wiseand network meta-analysis. COPD. 2017;14(5):552-563. doi:10.1080/15412555.2017.1347918.
Poole P, Sathananthan K, Fortescue R. Mucolytic agents versusplacebo for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;5(5):Cd001287. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001287.pub6.
Huang C, Kuo S, Lin L, Yang Y. The efficacy of N-acetylcysteinein chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a metaanalysis.Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2023;17:17534666231158563. doi:10.1177/17534666231158563.
Cazzola M, Anapurapu S, Page CP. Polyvalent mechanical bacteriallysate for the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections: a metaanalysis.Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2012;25(1):62-68. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2011.11.002.
Huang Y, Pei Y, Qian Y, Yao Z, Chen C, Du J, et al. A meta-analysison the efficacy and safety of bacterial lysates in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:877124. doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.877124.
Lee JH, Kim HJ, Kim YH. The effectiveness of anti-leukotriene agentsin patients with COPD: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Lung.2015;193(4):477-486. doi: 10.1007/s00408-015-9743-5.
Liu L, Wang JL, Xu XY, Feng M, Hou Y, Chen L. Leukotriene receptorantagonists do not improve lung function decline in COPD: a metaanalysis.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018;22(3):829-834. doi:10.26355/eurrev_201802_14319.
Kim JJY, Dennett L, Ospina MB, Hicks A, Vliagoftis H, Adatia A.Effectiveness of immunoglobulin replacement therapy in preventinginfections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: asystematic review. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2024;20(1):30. doi:10.1186/s13223-024-00886-8.
Jacobs SS, Krishnan JA, Lederer DJ, Ghazipura M, Hossain T, TanAM, et al. Home oxygen therapy for adults with chronic lung disease.An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(10):e121-e141. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202009-3608ST.
Perez-Padilla R. Impact of moderate altitude on lung diseases andrisk of high altitude illnesses. Rev Invest Clin. 2022;74(5):232-243.doi: 10.24875/RIC.22000088.
Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronicobstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Nocturnal Oxygen TherapyTrial Group. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93(3):391-398. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-93-3-391.
Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic corpulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema.Report of the Medical Research Council Working Party. Lancet.1981;1(8222):681-686.
Doherty DE, Petty TL, Bailey W, Carlin B, Cassaburi R, ChristopherK, et al. Recommendations of the 6th long-term oxygen therapyconsensus conference. Respir Care. 2006;51(5):519-525. Availablein: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16710952
Croxton TL, Bailey WC. Long-term oxygen treatment in chronicobstructive pulmonary disease: recommendations for futureresearch: an NHLBI workshop report. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2006;174(4):373-378. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200507-1161WS.
Lacasse Y, Casaburi R, Sliwinski P, Chaouat A, Fletcher E, Haidl P,et al. Home oxygen for moderate hypoxaemia in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10(11):1029-1037. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00179-5.
Sami R, Savari MA, Mansourian M, Ghazavi R, Meamar R. Effect oflong-term oxygen therapy on reducing rehospitalization of patientswith chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review andmeta-analysis. Pulm Ther. 2023;9(2):255-270. doi: 10.1007/s41030-023-00221-3.
Erratum in: Home oxygen therapy for adults with chronic lung disease.An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. AmJ Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(8):1045-1046. doi: 10.1164/rccm.v203erratum7.
Cranston JM, Crockett AJ, Moss JR, Alpers JH. Domiciliary oxygenfor chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database SystRev. 2005;2005(4):CD001744. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001744.pub2.
Ekstrom M, Andersson A, Papadopoulos S, Kipper T, Pedersen B,Kricka O, et al. Long-term oxygen therapy for 24 or 15 hours perday in severe hypoxemia. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(11):977-988. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2402638.
Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial Research G, Albert RK, Au DH,Blackford AL, Casaburi R, Cooper JA, Jr., et al. A Randomized trialof long-term oxygen for COPD with moderate desaturation. N Engl JMed. 2016;375(17):1617-1627. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1604344.
Cosio BG, Hernandez C, Chiner E, Gimeno-Santos E, PleguezuelosE, Seijas N, et al. Spanish COPD guidelines (GesEPOC 2021):non-pharmacological treatment update. Arch Bronconeumol.2022;58(4):345-351. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.08.010.
Céspedes GJ, Arancibia HF. Oxígenoterapia y rehabilitaciónrespiratoria en el paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructivacrónica. Rev Chil Enferm Respir. 2011;27:124-127. doi: 10.4067/S0717-73482011000200007.
Daher A, Dreher M. Supplemental oxygen therapy in chronicobstructive pulmonary disease: is less is more? How much is toomuch? Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2024;30(2):179-184. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000001025.
Nonoyama ML, Brooks D, Lacasse Y, Guyatt GH, Goldstein RS. Oxygentherapy during exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;2007(2):CD005372.doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005372.pub2.
Alison JA, Mckeough ZJ, Leung RWM, Holland AE, Hill K, Morris NR,et al. Oxygen compared to air during exercise training in COPD withexercise-induced desaturation. Eur Respir J. 2019;53(5):1802429.doi: 10.1183/13993003.02429-2018.
Lacasse Y, Series F, Corbeil F, Baltzan M, Paradis B, Simao P,et al. Randomized trial of nocturnal oxygen in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(12):1129-1138. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2013219.
Berg BW, Dillard TA, Rajagopal KR, Mehm WJ. Oxygen supplementationduring air travel in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.Chest. 1992;101(3):638-641. doi: 10.1378/chest.101.3.638.
Edvardsen A, Akero A, Christensen CC, Ryg M, Skjonsberg OH. Airtravel and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a new algorithmfor pre-flight evaluation. Thorax. 2012;67(11):964-969. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-201855.
Christensen CC, Ryg M, Refvem OK, Skjonsberg OH. Development ofsevere hypoxaemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patientsat 2,438 m (8,000 ft) altitude. Eur Respir J. 2000;15(4):635-639. doi:10.1183/09031936.00.15463500.
Zhang L, Wang Y, Ye Y, Gao J, Zhu F, Min L. Comparison of highflownasal cannula with conventional oxygen therapy in patients withhypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis.2023;18:895-906. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S402506.
Xu C, Yang F, Wang Q, Gao W. Comparison of high flow nasal therapywith non-invasive ventilation and conventional oxygen therapy foracute hypercapnic respiratory failure: a meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trials. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2023;18:955-973.doi: 10.2147/COPD.S410958.
Duan L, Xie C, Zhao N. Effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygentherapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: ameta-analysis. J Clin Nurs. 2022;31(1-2):87-98. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15957.
Chen X, Xu L, Li S, Yang C, Wu X, Feng M, et al. Efficacy of respiratorysupport therapies during pulmonary rehabilitation exercise training inchronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a systematic reviewand network meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2024;22(1):389. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03605-7.
Andrews L, Barlow R, Easton I. Differences in patient outcomesbetween a 6, 7 and 8 week pulmonary rehabilitation programme: Aservice evaluation. Physiotherapy. 2015;101(1):62-68. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2014.04.002.
Solanes I, Guell R, Casan P, Sotomayor C, Gonzalez A, Feixas T, etal. Duration of pulmonary rehabilitation to achieve a plateau in qualityof life and walk test in COPD. Respir Med. 2009;103(5):722-728. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2008.11.013.
Chuatrakoon B, Uthaikhup S, Ngai SP, Liwsrisakun C, Pothirat C,Sungkarat S. The effectiveness of home-based balance and pulmonaryrehabilitation program in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med.2022;58(3):478-486. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.22.07383-X.
Zhu Z, Muhamad AS, Omar N, Ooi FK, Pan X, Ong MLY. Efficacyof exercise treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Asystematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2024;38:106-127. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.01.019.
Mccarthy B, Casey D, Devane D, Murphy K, Murphy E, Lacasse Y.Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(2):CD003793. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003793.pub3.
Jenkins AR, Burtin C, Camp PG, Lindenauer P, Carlin B, Alison JA,et al. Do pulmonary rehabilitation programmes improve outcomesin patients with COPD posthospital discharge for exacerbation: asystematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2024;79(5):438-447.doi: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220333.
Meneses-Echavez JF, Chavez Guapo N, Loaiza-Betancur AF,Machado A, Bidonde J. Pulmonary rehabilitation for acuteexacerbations of COPD: A systematic review. Respir Med.2023;219:107425. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107425.
Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, GaluskaDA, et al. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. JAMA.2018;320(19):2020-2028. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.14854.
Tin Tin Htar M, Stuurman AL, Ferreira G, Alicino C, Bollaerts K,Paganino C, et al. Effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines inpreventing pneumonia in adults, a systematic review and metaanalysesof observational studies. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177985.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177985.
Walters JA, Tang JN, Poole P, Wood-Baker R. Pneumococcalvaccines for preventing pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;1(1):CD001390. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001390.pub4.
Furumoto A, Ohkusa Y, Chen M, Kawakami K, Masaki H, Sueyasu Y,et al. Additive effect of pneumococcal vaccine and influenza vaccineon acute exacerbation in patients with chronic lung disease. Vaccine.2008;26(33):4284-4289. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.037.
Chen H, Huang Z, Chang S, Hu M, Lu Q, Zhang Y, et al.Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine(Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV) coadministered with quadrivalent splitvirioninactivated influenza vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcalpolysaccharide vaccine in China: A multicentre, non-inferiority,open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 4 trial. Vaccine.2022;40(36):5322-5332. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.033.
Secretaría de Salud. Lineamientos de vacunación para la temporadainvernal 2024-2025. Mexico; 2024. https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/945894/LINEAMIENTOS_CAMP_VAC_INVERNAL_24-25_pdf
Jang JG, Ahn JH, Jin HJ. Incidence and prognostic factors ofrespiratory viral infections in severe acute exacerbation of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis.2021;16:1265-1273. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S306916.
Bekkat-Berkani R, Wilkinson T, Buchy P, Dos Santos G, StefanidisD, Devaster JM, et al. Seasonal influenza vaccination in patients withCOPD: a systematic literature review. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17(1):79.doi: 10.1186/s12890-017-0420-8.
Bao W, Li Y, Wang T, Li X, He J, Wang Y, et al. Effects of influenzavaccination on clinical outcomes of chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev.2021;68:101337. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101337.
Kopsaftis Z, Wood-Baker R, Poole P. Influenza vaccine for chronicobstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cochrane Database SystRev. 2018;6(6):CD002733. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002733.pub3.
Poole PJ, Chacko E, Wood-Baker RW, Cates CJ. Influenza vaccinefor patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CochraneDatabase Syst Rev. 2006(1):CD002733. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002733.pub2.
Kefala AM, Fortescue R, Alimani GS, Kanavidis P, Mcdonnell MJ,Magiorkinis E, et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of respiratoryviruses in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) andexacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJOpen. 2020;10(4):e035640. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035640.
Walsh EE, Perez Marc G, Zareba AM, Falsey AR, Jiang Q, PattonM, et al. Efficacy and safety of a bivalent RSV prefusion F vaccinein older adults. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(16):1465-1477. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2213836.
Melgar M, Britton A, Roper LE, Talbot HK, Long SS, Kotton CN,et al. Use of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in older adults:recommendations of the advisory committee on immunizationpractices - United States, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.2023;72(29):793-801. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7229a4.
Naeger S, Pool V, Macina D. Increased burden of pertussisamong adolescents and adults with asthma or COPD in the UnitedStates, 2007 to 2019. Chest. 2024;165(6):1352-1361. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.12.020.
Van Den Steen P, Cheuvart B, Deraedt Q, Valdes Verelst L, ShamarinaD. Immunogenicity and safety of reduced-antigen tetanus, diphtheriaand acellular pertussis vaccination in adults treated for obstructiveairway diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19(1):2159731. doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2159731.
Anderson TC, Masters NB, Guo A, Shepersky L, Leidner AJ, Lee GM,et al. Use of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in ImmunocompromisedAdults Aged ≥ 19 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committeeon Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb MortalWkly Rep. 2022;71(3):80-84. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7103a2.
Marra F, Parhar K, Huang B, Vadlamudi N. Risk factors forherpes zoster infection: a meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis.2020;7(1):ofaa005. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa005.
Kawai K, Yawn BP. Risk factors for herpes zoster: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92(12):1806-1821.doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.10.009.
Marijam A, Vroom N, Bhavsar A, Posiuniene I, Lecrenier N, VrolingH. Systematic literature review on the incidence of herpes zoster inpopulations at increased risk of disease in the EU/EEA, Switzerland,and the UK. Infect Dis Ther. 2024;13(5):1083-1104. doi: 10.1007/s40121-024-00963-w.
Iftikhar IH, Schimmel M, Sardi A, Mehta I, Gonzalez E, Musani AI.Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with valves and coils. A networkmeta-analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2020;17(11):1468-1475. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.202002-151OC.
Patel M, Chowdhury J, Zhao H, Lu X, Roth S, Giovacchini CX, et al.Meta-analysis and systematic review of bronchoscopic lung volumereduction through endobronchial valves in severe emphysema. JBronchology Interv Pulmonol. 2022;29(3):224-237. doi: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000872.
Roodenburg SA, Hartman JE, Deslee G, Herth FJF, Klooster K,Sciurba FC, et al. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction coil treatmentfor severe emphysema: a systematic review and meta-analysis ofindividual participant data. Respiration. 2022;101(7):697-705. doi:10.1159/000524148.
Zhang R, Zheng Z, Bian Y, Deng M, Herth FFJ, Hou G. Efficacyand safety of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction for chronicobstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and networkmeta-analysis. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2024;18(8):631-644. doi:10.1080/17476348.2024.2388293.
Yamamoto S, Horita N, Imai R, Niitsu T. Surgical and bronchoscopiclung volume reduction for severe emphysema: a systematic reviewand network meta-analysis. Lung. 2025;203(1):22. doi: 10.1007/s00408-024-00777-0.
Van Geffen WH, Slebos DJ, Herth FJ, Kemp SV, Weder W, Shah PL.Surgical and endoscopic interventions that reduce lung volume foremphysema: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Lancet RespirMed. 2019;7(4):313-324. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30431-4.
Slebos DJ, Hartman JE, Klooster K, Blaas S, Deslee G, GesierichW, et al. Bronchoscopic coil treatment for patients with severeemphysema: a meta-analysis. Respiration. 2015;90(2):136-145. doi:10.1159/000431384.
Zhi L, Liao L, Wu Z, Wang T, Ye Y, Li H, et al. Impact of bronchoscopicthermal vapor ablation on lung volume reduction in patients withemphysema: a meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2023;23(1):405. doi:10.1186/s12890-023-02689-w.
Van Dijk M, Klooster K, Ten Hacken NHT, Sciurba F, Kerstjens HaM,Slebos DJ. The effects of lung volume reduction treatment on diffusingcapacity and gas exchange. Eur Respir Rev. 2020;29(158):190171.doi: 10.1183/16000617.0171-2019.
Marchetti N, Criner GJ. Surgical approaches to treating emphysema:lung volume reduction surgery, bullectomy, and lung transplantation.Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;36(4):592-608. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1556064.
Yusen RD, Edwards LB, Dipchand AI, Goldfarb SB, KucheryavayaAY, Levvey BJ, et al. The Registry of the International Society forHeart and Lung Transplantation: thirty-third adult lung and heart-lungtransplant report-2016; focus theme: primary diagnostic indicationsfor transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2016;35(10):1170-1184. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2016.09.001.
Ahmad D, Ferrell BE, Saxena A, Jimenez DC, O’malley TJ, DispagnaMA, et al. Comparative outcomes of lung volume reduction surgeryand lung transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JThorac Dis. 2023;15(7):3627-3635. doi: 10.21037/jtd-23-63.
Mansour R, Nakanishi H, Al Sabbakh N, El Ghazal N, Haddad J,Adra M, et al. Single vs bilateral lung transplant in the managementof patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Transplant Proc. 2023;55(9):2203-2211.doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.08.013.
Fang YC, Cheng WH, Lu HI, Wang YS, Chuang KH, Lai HH, et al.Double lung transplantation is better than single lung transplantationfor end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a metaanalysis.J Cardiothorac Surg. 2024;19(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s13019-024-02654-6.
Chambers DC, Perch M, Zuckermann A, Cherikh WS, HarhayMO, Hayes D Jr., et al. The International Thoracic OrganTransplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and LungTransplantation: Thirty-eighth adult lung transplantation report -2021; Focus on recipient characteristics. J Heart Lung Transplant.2021;40(10):1060-1072. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.07.021.
Wedzicha JA, Miravitlles M, Hurst JR, Calverley PM, Albert RK,Anzueto A, et al. Management of COPD exacerbations: a EuropeanRespiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline. Eur RespirJ. 2017;49(3):1600791. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00791-2016.
Celli BR, Fabbri LM, Aaron SD, Agusti A, Brook R, Criner GJ, et al.An updated definition and severity classification of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease exacerbations: the rome proposal. Am J RespirCrit Care Med. 2021;204(11):1251-1258. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202108-1819PP.
Althobiani MA, Shah AJ, Khan B, Hurst JR. Clinicians’ andresearchers’ perspectives on a new chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease exacerbation definition: rome wasn’t built in a day. AmJ Respir Crit Care Med. 2023;207(8):1095-1097. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202210-1949LE.
Reumkens C, Endres A, Simons SO, Savelkoul PHM, Sprooten RTM,Franssen FME. Application of the rome severity classification ofCOPD exacerbations in a real-world cohort of hospitalised patients.ERJ Open Res. 2023;9(3):00569-2022. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00569-2022.
Jacobson PK, Lind L, Persson HL. Applying the rome proposalon exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: doescomorbid chronic heart failure matter? Int J Chron Obstruct PulmonDis. 2023;18:2055-2064. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S425592.
Cid-Juarez S, Tellez-Navarrete NA, Bautista-Bernal A, Leon-GomezP, Salas-Escamilla I, Gochicoa-Rangel L, et al. Arterial blood gasesin normal subjects at 2240 meters above sea level: impact of age,gender, and body mass index. Rev Invest Clin. 2023;75(1):29-36. doi:10.24875/RIC.22000281.
Kopsaftis ZA, Sulaiman NS, Mountain OD, Carson-ChahhoudKV, Phillips PA, Smith BJ. Short-acting bronchodilators for themanagement of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease in the hospital setting: systematic review. Syst Rev.2018;7(1):213. doi: 10.1186/s13643-018-0860-0.
Van Geffen WH, Douma WR, Slebos DJ, Kerstjens HA.Bronchodilators delivered by nebuliser versus pMDI with spaceror DPI for exacerbations of COPD. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2016;2016(8):CD011826. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011826.pub2.
Woods JA, Wheeler JS, Finch CK, Pinner NA. Corticosteroids in thetreatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014;9:421-430. doi:10.2147/COPD.S51012.
Walters JA, Tan DJ, White CJ, Gibson PG, Wood-Baker R, WaltersEH. Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2014;2014(9):CD001288. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001288.pub4.
Maltais F, Ostinelli J, Bourbeau J, Tonnel AB, Jacquemet N, Haddon J,et al. Comparison of nebulized budesonide and oral prednisolone withplacebo in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir CritCare Med. 2002;165(5):698-703. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.165.5.2109093.
Gunen H, Hacievliyagil SS, Kosar F, Mutlu LC, Gulbas G, Pehlivan E,et al. Factors affecting survival of hospitalised patients with COPD. EurRespir J. 2005;26(2):234-241. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00024804.
Ding Z, Li X, Lu Y, Rong G, Yang R, Zhang R, et al. A randomized,controlled multicentric study of inhaled budesonide and intravenousmethylprednisolone in the treatment on acute exacerbation of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2016;121:39-47. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2016.10.013.
Vollenweider DJ, Frei A, Steurer-Stey CA, Garcia-Aymerich J, PuhanMA. Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;10(10):CD010257. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010257.pub2.
Hoult G, Gillespie D, Wilkinson TMA, Thomas M, Francis NA.Biomarkers to guide the use of antibiotics for acute exacerbationsof COPD (AECOPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMCPulm Med. 2022;22(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-01958-4.
Mckeever TM, Hearson G, Housley G, Reynolds C, KinnearW, Harrison TW, et al. Using venous blood gas analysis in theassessment of COPD exacerbations: a prospective cohort study.Thorax. 2016;71(3):210-215. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207573.
Cabrini L, Landoni G, Oriani A, Plumari VP, Nobile L, Greco M, etal. Noninvasive ventilation and survival in acute care settings: acomprehensive systematic review and metaanalysis of randomizedcontrolled trials. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(4):880-888. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000819.
Osadnik CR, Tee VS, Carson-Chahhoud KV, Picot J, Wedzicha JA,Smith BJ. Non-invasive ventilation for the management of acutehypercapnic respiratory failure due to exacerbation of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2017;7(7):CD004104. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004104.pub4.
Peng L, Ren PW, Liu XT, Zhang C, Zuo HX, Kang DY, et al. Use ofnoninvasive ventilation at the pulmonary infection control window foracute respiratory failure in AECOPD patients: A systematic reviewand meta-analysis based on GRADE approach. Medicine (Baltimore).2016;95(24):e3880. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003880.
Abualhamael SA, Alasmi AT, Alqurayqiri AF, Alzahrani AA, AlsehliAD, Althikra AH, et al. Role of Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) inmanaging acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD): a systematic review. Cureus. 2024;16(8):e67418.doi: 10.7759/cureus.67418.
Dabscheck E, George J, Hermann K, Mcdonald CF, McdonaldVM, Mcnamara R, et al. COPD-X Australian guidelines for thediagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: 2022 update. Med J Aust. 2022;217(8):415-423. doi:10.5694/mja2.51708.
Ospina MB, Mrklas K, Deuchar L, Rowe BH, Leigh R, Bhutani M, etal. A systematic review of the effectiveness of discharge care bundlesfor patients with COPD. Thorax. 2017;72(1):31-39. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208820.
Gomez-Angelats E, Sanchez C. Care bundles after dischargingpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbationfrom the emergency department. Med Sci (Basel). 2018;6(3):63. doi:10.3390/medsci6030063.
Miravitlles M, Bhutani M, Hurst JR, Franssen FME, Van Boven JFM,Khoo EM, et al. Implementing an evidence-based COPD hospitaldischarge protocol: a narrative review and expert recommendations.Adv Ther. 2023;40(10):4236-4263. doi: 10.1007/s12325-023-02609-8.
Hernández-Zenteno RJ, Elizondo-Ríos A, Robles-Hernández RE,Thirión-Romero II, Páramo-Arroyo RF, Septien-Stute LA, et al.Consenso formal de expertos sobre el protocolo de manejo y cuidadospost hospitalarios de la exacerbación grave y muy grave de la EPOC.Neumol Cir Torax (próxima publicación). 2025;84:00-00.
Tavares N, Jarrett N, Hunt K, Wilkinson T. Palliative and end-of-lifecare conversations in COPD: a systematic literature review. ERJ OpenRes. 2017;3(2):00068-2016. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00068-2016.
Broese JM, De Heij AH, Janssen DJ, Skora JA, Kerstjens HA,Chavannes NH, et al. Effectiveness and implementation of palliativecare interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease: A systematic review. Palliat Med. 2021;35(3):486-502. doi:10.1177/0269216320981294.
Philip J, Collins A, Smallwood N, Chang YK, Mo L, Yang IA, etal. Referral criteria to palliative care for patients with respiratorydisease: a systematic review. Eur Respir J. 2021;58(4):2004307. doi:10.1183/13993003.04307-2020.
Almagro P, Yun S, Sangil A, Rodriguez-Carballeira M, Marine M,Landete P, et al. Palliative care and prognosis in COPD: a systematicreview with a validation cohort. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis.2017;12:1721-1729. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S135657.
Smith LE, Moore E, Ali I, Smeeth L, Stone P, Quint JK. Prognosticvariables and scores identifying the end of life in COPD: a systematicreview. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:2239-2256. doi:10.2147/COPD.S137868.
Janssen DJA, Bajwah S, Boon MH, Coleman C, Currow DC, DevillersA, et al. European Respiratory Society clinical practice guideline:palliative care for people with COPD or interstitial lung disease. EurRespir J. 2023;62(2):2202014. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02014-2022.
Quinn KL, Shurrab M, Gitau K, Kavalieratos D, Isenberg SR, StallNM, et al. Association of receipt of palliative care interventionswith health care use, quality of life, and symptom burden amongadults with chronic noncancer illness: a systematic review andmeta-analysis. JAMA. 2020;324(14):1439-1450. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.14205.
Singer AE, Goebel JR, Kim YS, Dy SM, Ahluwalia SC, Clifford M, etal. Populations and interventions for palliative and end-of-life care: asystematic review. J Palliat Med. 2016;19(9):995-1008. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2015.0367.
Barnes H, Mcdonald J, Smallwood N, Manser R. Opioids for thepalliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanceddisease and terminal illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2016;3(3):CD011008. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011008.pub2.
Smallwood NE, Pascoe A, Wijsenbeek M, Russell AM, HollandAE, Romero L, et al. Opioids for the palliation of symptomsin people with serious respiratory illness: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2024;33(174):230265. doi:10.1183/16000617.0265-2023.
Ekstrom M, Nilsson F, Abernethy AA, Currow DC. Effects of opioidson breathlessness and exercise capacity in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease. A systematic review. Ann Am Thorac Soc.2015;12(7):1079-1092. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201501-034OC.
Ekstrom M, Ferreira D, Chang S, Louw S, Johnson MJ, Eckert DJ,et al. Effect of regular, low-dose, extended-release morphine onchronic breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:the beams randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;328(20):2022-2032.doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.20206.
Currow D, Louw S, Mccloud P, Fazekas B, Plummer J, Mcdonald CF,et al. Regular, sustained-release morphine for chronic breathlessness:a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.Thorax. 2020;75(1):50-56. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213681.
Verberkt CA, Van Den Beuken-Van Everdingen MHJ, Schols J,Hameleers N, Wouters EFM, Janssen DJA. Effect of sustainedreleasemorphine for refractory breathlessness in chronicobstructive pulmonary disease on health status: a randomizedclinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(10):1306-1314. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3134.
Simon ST, Higginson IJ, Booth S, Harding R, Weingartner V,Bausewein C. Benzodiazepines for the relief of breathlessness inadvanced malignant and non-malignant diseases in adults. CochraneDatabase Syst Rev. 2016;10(10):CD007354. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007354.pub3.
Kochovska S, Ferreira DH, Garcia MV, Phillips JL, Currow DC.Perspectives on palliative oxygen for breathlessness: systematicreview and meta-synthesis. Eur Respir J. 2021;58(4):2004613. doi:10.1183/13993003.04613-2020.
Uronis HE, Ekstrom MP, Currow DC, Mccrory DC, Samsa GP,Abernethy AP. Oxygen for relief of dyspnoea in people withchronic obstructive pulmonary disease who would not qualify forhome oxygen: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax.2015;70(5):492-494. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205720.
Iyer AS, Sullivan DR, Lindell KO, Reinke LF. The role of palliativecare in COPD. Chest. 2022;161(5):1250-1262. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.10.032.
Farver-Vestergaard I, Jacobsen D, Zachariae R. Efficacy ofpsychosocial interventions on psychological and physical healthoutcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom. 2015;84(1):37-50.doi: 10.1159/000367635.
Farver-Vestergaard I, Danielsen JTT, Lokke A, Zachariae R.Psychosocial intervention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychosom Med.2022;84(3):347-358. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001043.
Jabbarian LJ, Zwakman M, Van Der Heide A, Kars MC, Janssen DJA,Van Delden JJ, et al. Advance care planning for patients with chronicrespiratory diseases: a systematic review of preferences and practices.Thorax. 2018;73(3):222-230. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209806.
Rajnoveanu RM, Rajnoveanu AG, Fildan AP, Todea DA, Man MA,Motoc NS, et al. Palliative care initiation in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: prognosis-based, symptoms-based or needsbased?Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020;15:1591-1600. doi:10.2147/COPD.S254104.