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Antes Revista del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias

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2006, Número S4

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Neumol Cir Torax 2006; 65 (S4)


Proceso diagnóstico en la hipertensión arterial pulmonar

Morales BJE, Campos CR, Rosas RMJR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 74
Paginas: 28-42
Archivo PDF: 282.93 Kb.


RESUMEN

El diagnóstico de la hipertensión pulmonar requiere de un alto índice de sospecha.
El proceso diagnóstico involucra dos fases, la detección (determinar la etiología de los síntomas, demostrar la presencia de hipertensión pulmonar en pacientes de alto riesgo) y la caracterización (establecer el contexto clínico de la enfermedad, incluyendo los factores causales, enfermedades asociadas, alteraciones hemodinámicas, y secuelas).
En los pacientes sintomáticos se requiere de una evaluación exhaustiva para identificar una estrategia terapéutica adecuada que conlleve a disminuir los síntomas, mejorar la hemodinámica pulmonar y prolongar la sobrevida. En cambio, los pacientes asintomáticos requieren identificación de causas reversibles o tratables y una cuidadosa monitorización de la progresión de la enfermedad, para proponer una estrategia terapéutica conservadora (dependiendo de la severidad de las alteraciones hemodinámicas).
Una vez identificada la población de alto riesgo por medio de evaluación clínica, radiografía de tórax, electrocardiograma y ecocardiograma, se debe realizar el cateterismo cardiaco derecho para confirmar el diagnóstico y documentar el comportamiento hemodinámico inicial.
Las herramientas que permiten determinar la supervivencia incluyen la clase funcional, capacidad al ejercicio, la evolución del comportamiento hemodinámico, la respuesta en el test de reactividad vascular pulmonar, función ventricular derecha, y factores bioquímicos como péptido cerebral natriurético, endotelina 1, niveles de troponina y ácido úrico. El seguimiento estrecho de estos pacientes se recomienda en centros especializados.


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