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Revista de la Asociación Médica del Centro Médico ABC

2003, Número 1

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An Med Asoc Med Hosp ABC 2003; 48 (1)


Resistencia a antibióticos, problema de salud pública

Rivera-Tapia JA

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 42-47
Archivo PDF: 61.53 Kb.


RESUMEN

La resistencia a antibióticos representa uno de los principales problemas de la población en lo referente a salud pública y a la práctica clínica. Esto es debido al incesante incremento en el uso de antibióticos durante los últimos 50 años, además de que las bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos se han propagado de forma abrumadora. Es importante señalar que hace tiempo los antibióticos participan activamente en la selección de bacterias resistentes sin olvidar que la velocidad con la que aparecen genes de resistencia también contribuyen a dicho problema. La selección de microorganismos resistentes puede ocurrir durante o después de tratamientos con antimicrobianos, los residuos de antibióticos pueden establecerse en el ambiente durante periodos de tiempo considerables posterior al tratamiento. De forma paralela al uso de los antibióticos se presenta el empleo de otros agentes que se proponen para eliminar bacterias, como es el uso de bactericidas ahora disponibles en algunos productos domésticos. Estos últimos también tienen la capacidad de permanecer en el ambiente, participando en la dinámica de la ecología microbiana, en lo referente a resistencia contra la susceptibilidad bacteriana y en la supervivencia de diversos grupos de microorganismos.


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