2007, Número 1
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Med Cutan Iber Lat Am 2007; 35 (1)
Uso sistémico de corticosteróides: revisión de literatura
Cardozo PAL, Bortolini BFC, Stefani M, Charlín R
Idioma: Portugués
Referencias bibliográficas: 211
Paginas: 35-50
Archivo PDF: 213.91 Kb.
FRAGMENTO
No tiene resumen
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
1.Schimmer BP, Parker KL. Adenocorticotropic hormone: adrenocorticoidal steroids and their sintethic analogs; inhibitors of the synthesis and actions of adrenocortical hormones. In: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. Ed: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, et al. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996:1459-1486.
2.Lester RS. Corticosteroids. Clin Dermatol 1989;7:80-97.
3.Wand GS, Nevy RL. Disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;14:33-53.
4.Nesbitt LT. Minimizing complications of systemic glucocorticoid use. Dermatol Clin 1995;13:925-939.
Fauci AS, Dale DC, Balow JE. Glucocorticosteroid therapy: mechanism of action and clinical considerations. Ann Intern Med 1976;84:304-315.
Axelrod L. Glucocorticoid therapy. Medicine 1976;55:39-65.
Esteban NV, Loughlin T, Yergey AL. Daily cortisol production rate in man determined by stable isotope dilution/mass spectrometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72:39-45.
8.Glick M. Glucocorticosteroid replacement therapy: A literature review and suggested replacement therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989;62:375-391.
9.Feldman SR. The Biology and clinical application of systemic corticosteroids. In: Current problems in dermatology. Ed: Callan JP. St Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992:211-235.
Bloom E, Matulich DT, Lan NC. Nuclear binding of glucocorticoid receptors: Relations between cytosol binding activation and the biological response. J Steroid Biochem 1980;12:175-84.
11.Werth VP. Management and treatment with systemic glucocorticoids. In: Advances in dermatology. Ed: Callan JP. Saint Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1993:81-101.
Adcock IM, Ito K. Molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid actions. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2000;55:256-66.
Schimmer PB, Parker LK. Hormônio adrenocorticotrófico; esteróides adrenocorticais e seus análogos sintéticos; inibidores da síntese e das ações dos hormônios adrenocorticais. In: As Bases Farmacológicas da Terapêutica. Goodman & Gilman. 9 ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: McGraw-Hill, 1996:1082-1101.
14.Pepinsky RB, Tizard R, Mattaliano RJ. Five distinct calcium and phospholipid binding proteins share homology with lipocortin I. J Biol Chem 1988;263:107-99.
15.Wallner BP, Mattaliano RJ, Hession Cl. Cloning and expression of human lipocortin, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory activity. Nature 1986;320: 77-81.
Croxtall JD, Choudhury Q, Flower RJ. Glucocorticoid activity within minutes to inhibit recruitment of signaling factors to activated EGF receptors through a receptor- depen- dent, transcription-independent mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2001;130:289-98.
17.Groner B, Hynes NE, Rahmsdorf U. Transcription initiation of transfected mouse mammary tumor virus LTR DNA is regulated by glucocorticoid hormones. Nucleic Acids Res 1983;11:4713-25.
Boumpas DT, Chrousos GP, Wilder RL, et al. Glucocorticoid therapy for Immune-mediated diseases: basic and clinical correlates. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:1198-1208.
19.Cidlowski JA, King KL, Evans-Storms RB. The biochemistry and molecular biology of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in immune system. Recent Prog Horm Res 1996;51:457-90.
20.Amano Y, Lee SW, Allison AC. Inhibition by glucocorticoids of the formation of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6: Mediation by decreased mRNA stability. Mol Pharmacol 1993;43:176-82.
21.Kitajima T, Ariizumi K, Bergstresser PR. A novel mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced immune suppression: the inhibition of T cellmediated terminal maturation of a murine dendritic cell line. J Clin Invest 1996;98:142-7.
22.Cupps TR, Fauci AS. Corticosteroid-mediated inmunoregulation in man. Immunol Rev 1982;65:133-55.
Butler WT, Rossen RD. Effects of corticosteroids on immunity in man. Decreased serum IgG concentration caused by 3 or 5 days of high doses of methylprednisolone. J Clin Invest 1973;52:2629-40.
24.Goulding NJ, Euzger HS, Butt SK. Novel pathways for glucocorticoid effects on neutrophils in chronic inflammation. Inflamm Res 1998; 47(Supl. 3):S158-65.
25.Wolverton SE. Systemic corticosteroids. In: Comprehensive dermatologic drug therapy. Ed: Wolverton SE, 1ª ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1991:86-124.
Barnes PJ, Pedersen S, Busse WM. Efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:s1-s53.
Balow JE, Rosenthal AS. Glucocorticoid suppression macrophage migration inhibitory factor. J Exp Med 1973;137:1031.
28.Hogan MM, Vogel SN. Inhibition of macrophage tumoricidal activity by glucocorticoids. J Immunol 1988;140:513-9.
Parrillo JE, Fauci AS. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid action on immune processes. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1979;19:179-201.
Werth VP. Systemic Glucocorticoids. In: Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. Ed: Freedberg IM et al. 6 th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003:2381-2388.
31.Levis S, Altman R. Bone densitometry clinical considerations. Arthrites Rheum 1998; 41:577-87.
32.Castrow FF. Atopic cataracts versus steroid cataracts. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;5:64-66.
33.Sampaio SAP, Rivitti EA. Dermatologia. 2a ed. São Paulo: Artes Médicas, 2000:1038- 1040.
34.Reichling GH, Kligman AM. Alternate–day corticosteroid therapy. Arch Dermatology 1961;83:980-983.
35.Fauci AS. Alternate-day corticosteroid therapy. Am J Med 1978;64:729-731.
MacGregor RR, Sheagren JN, Lipsett MB, et al. Alternate-day prednisone therapy:evaluation of delayed hypersensivity responses, control of disease and steroid side effects. N Engl J Med 1969;280:1427-30.
37.The big shot. Lancet 1977;309:633-634. Editorial.
Hall ED. The neuroprotective pharmacology of methylprednisolone. J Neurosug 1992; 76:13-22.
39.Buttgereit F, Wehling M, Burmester GR. A new hypothesis of modular glucocorticoid actions. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:761-7.
40.Sabir S, Werth VP. Pulse glucocorticoids. Dermatol Clin 2000;18:437-446.
Pasricha JS, Das SS. Curative effect of dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in emphigus. Int J Dermatol 1990; 29:371-374.
42.Chryssomallis F, Dimitriades A, Chaidemenos GC, et al. Steroid-pulse therapy in pemphigus vulgaris long term follow-up. Int J Dermatol 1995;34:438-442.
43.Toth GG, Van de Meer JB, Jonkman MF. Dexamethasone pulse therapy in pemphigus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2002; 16(6):607-611.
44.Werth VP. Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris with brief, high-dose intravenous glucocorticoids. Arch Dermatol 1996;132:1435-1439.
45.Toth GG, Jonkman MF. Therapy of pemphigus. Clin Dermatol 2001;19:761-767.
46.Friedli A, Labarthe MP, Engelhardt E, et al. Pulse methylprednisolone therapy for severe alopecia areata: An open prospective study of 45 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 39:597-602.
Kiesch N, Stene JJ, Goens J, et al. Pulse steroid therapy for children´s severe alopecia areata? Dermatology 1997;194:395-7.
48.Perriard-Wolfensverger J, Pasche-Koo F, Mainetti C, et al. Pulse of methylprednisolone in alopecia areata. Dermatology 1993; 187: 282-5.
49.Becker LR, Bastian BC, Wesselmann U, et al. Paraneoplastic pemphigus treated with dexamethasone/cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. Eur J Dermatol 1998;8:551-3.
50.Dawe RS, Naidoo Dk, Ferguson J. Severe bullous pemphigoid responsive to pulsed intravenous dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide [letter] Br J Dermatol 1997;137:826-7.
51.Seiter S, Ugurel S, Tilgen W, et al. Use of high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy in patients with progressive and stable vitiligo. Int J Dermatol 2000;39:624-627.
Futami H, Kodaira M, Furuta T, el al. Pyoderma gangrenosum complicating ulcerative colitis: Successful treatment with methylprednisolone pulse therapy and cyclosporine. J Gastroenterol 1998;33:408-11.
53.Pinto GM, Cabecas MA, Riscado M, et al. Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: response to pulse steroid therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24:818-21.
Resnik BI, Redon M, Kerdel FA. Successful treatment of aggressive pyoderma gangrenosum with pulse steroids and chlorambucil. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:635-6.
Pasricha JS, Reddy R, Nandakishore Th, et al. Pyoderma gangrenosum treated with dexamethasone pulse therapy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1991;57:225-228.
56.Worm M, Muche M, Schulze P, et al. Hyocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis. Successful treatment with cyclophosphamide dexamethasone pulse therapy. Br J Dermatol 1998;39:704-7.
Valencia IC, Chang A, Kisner RS, et al. Eosinophilic fasciitis responsive to treatment with pulsed steroids and cyclosporine. Int J Dermatol 1999; 38:369-72.
Fishman SJ, McCormick CM, McBurney EI. Pulse high-dose corticosteroids and melphalan as an alternative therapy for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:130-1.
Verma KK, Pandhi RK. Prurigo nodularis treated with dexamethasone pulse therapy. African J Dermatol 1994;1:27-8.
Barman KD, Verma KK, Agrawal S, et al. Stevens-Johnson syndrome with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with dexamethasone pulse therapy. J Dermatol 2003:30:54-8.
61.Van der Meer JB, Schuttelaar ML, Toth GG, Kardaun SH, Beerthuizen G, de Jong MC, et al. Succesful dexamethasone pulse therapy in a toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) patient featuring recurrent TEN to oxazepam. Clin Exp Dermatol 2001;26:654-656.
Ramam M. Dexamethasone pulse therapy in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2003;69:319-322.
63.Rao PN, Lakshmi TS. Pulse therapy and its modifications in pemphigus: A six year study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2003;69:329-333.
64.Jain R, Kumar B. Immediate and delayed complications of dexamethasone cyclophosphamide pulse (DCP) therapy. J Dermatol 2003;30(10): 713-718.
65.Dhar S, Kanwar AJ. Facial flushing – side effect of pulse therapy [letter] Dermatology 1994;188:332.
66.Bonnotte B, Chauffert B, Martin F, et al. Side-effects of high-dose intravenous (pulse) methylprednisolone therapy cured by potassium infusion [letter]. Br Rheum 1998; 37:109.
67.Kanwar AJ, Kaur S, Dhar S, et al. A side effect of pulse therapy. Dermatology 1993;187:279.
68.McDougal BA, Whitteir FC, Cross DE. Sudden death after bolous steroid therapy for acute rejection. Transplant Proc 1976;3:493-496.
Bocanegra TC, Castaneda MO, Espinoza LR, et al. Sudden death arter methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Ann Intern Med 1981;95:122.
70.McLuckie AE, Savage RW. Atrial Fibrillation following pulse methylprednisolone therapy in an adult. Chest 1993;104;622-3.
Ueda M, Yoshikawa T, Chihara M, et al. Atrial Fibillation following methylprenisolone pulse therapy. Pediatr Nephrol 1988;2:29-31.
72.Belmonte MA, Cequiere A, Roig-Escofet D. Severe ventriular arrhythmia after pulse methylprednisolone therapy in rheumatoid arthitis. J Rhumatol 1986;13:477-479.
Jain R, Bali H, Sharma VK, Kumar B. Cardiovascular effects of corticosteroid pulse therapy: a prospective controlled study on pemphigus patients. Int J Dermatol 2005;44(4): 285-258.
74.Werth VP. Management and treatment with systemic glucocorticoids. Adv Dermatol 1993;8:81-101.
White KP, Driscoll MS, Rothe MJ, et al. Severe adverse cardiovascular effects of pulse steroid therapy: Is continuous cardiac monitoring necessary? J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;30:768-73.
76.Johnson RB, Lazarus GS. Pulse therapy. Therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum . Arch Dermatol 1982;118:76-84.
77.Tiwari A, Srinivas CR, Ramlingam S. The pulse rate of pulse therapy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2000;66:49-50.
78.Weusten BL, Jacobs JW, Bijlsma JW. Corticosteroids pulse therapy in active rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1993;23:183-92.
79.Yamanishi Y, Yamana S, Ishioka S et al. Development of ischemic colitis and scleroderma renal crisis following methylprednisolone pulse therapy for progressive systemic sclerosis. Intern Med 1996;35:583-6.
The risks of systemic corticosteroid use. Dermatol Clin 1998;16:277-288.
Valente O, Atallah AN. Efeitos Metabólicos e Manuseio Clínico dos Corticosteróides. In: Atualização terapêutica: manual prático de diagnóstico e tratamento. Prado FC, et al. 20ª ed. São Paulo: Artes Médicas, 2001: 1521-1523.
Centers for Disease Control. Varicella - zoster immune globulin for the prevention of chickenpox. Ann Intern Med 1984;100:859-65.
83.American Thoracic Society: treatment of tuberculosis infection in adults and children. Am Rev Dis 1986;134:355.
84.Hijjar MA. Consenso sobre tuberculose. J Pneumol 1997;23(6):334-335.
85.Genta RM. Global prevalence of strongyloidiasis critical review with epidemiologic insights into the prevention of disseminated disease. Rev Infect Dis 1989;11:755-67.
86.Bovornkitti S, Kangsadal P, Sathirapat P, et al. Reversion and reconversion rate of tuberculin skin reactions in correlation with the use of prednisone. Dis Chest 1960;38:51-55.
87.Aucott JN. Glucocorticoids and infection. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1994; 23:655-70.
88.Greenspan SF, Strewler JG. Endocrinologia Básica & Clínica. 5a. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2000:243-257.
Bond W. Toxic reactions and the side effects of glucocorticoids in man. Am J Hosp Pharm 1977;34:479-485.
Dumler F, Hayashi H, Hunter J, et al. Racial in the incidence of steroid of diabetes in renal transplant patient. Henry Ford Hosp Med J 1982;30: 14-16.
91.Smyllie HC, Connolly CK. Incidence of serious complications of corticosteroid therapyin respiratory disease: A retrospective survey of patients in the Brompton hospital. Thorax 1968;23:571-581.
Shubin H. Long – term administration of corticosteroids in pulmonary disease. Dis Chest 1965;48:287-290.
David D, Grieco M, Cushman P. Adrenal corticosteroids after 20 years. J Chronic Dis 1970;22:637-711.
Lucky A. Principles of the use of glucocorticoidsin a growing child. Pediatr Dermatol 1984;1:226-235.
Kozower M, Veatch L, Kaplan M. Decreased clearance of prednisolone: A factor in the development of cortical steroids side effects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974;38:407-412.
96.Glick M. Glucocorticosteroid replacement therapy: a literature review and suggested replacement therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989;67:614-620.
97.Weiss AH. Adrenal suppression after corticosteroid injection of periocular hemangiomas. Am J Ophthalmol 1989;107:518-522.
98.Kahl L, Medsger TA Jr. Severe arthralgias after wide fluctuations in corticosteroid dosage. J Rheumatol 1986;13:1063-1065.
99.Krasner AS. Glucocorticoid- induced adrenal insufficiency. JAMA 1999; 282:671-676.
Baxter JD. Minimizing the side effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Adv Intern Med 1990; 35:173-93.
Cogan MG, Sargent JA, Yarbrough SG, et al. Prevention of prednisone-induced negative nitrogen balance. Effect of dietary modification on urea generation rate in patients on hemodialysis receiving high-dose glucocorticoids. Ann Intern Med 1981;95:158-61.
Baltzan MA, Suissa S, Bauer DC, Cummings SR. Hip fractures attributable to corticosteroid use. Lancet 1999;353:1327.
Center JR, Nguyen TV, Schneider D, Sambrook PM, Eisman JA. Mortality after all major types of osteoporotic fracture in men and women: an observational study. Lancet 1999;353:878-882.
Kanis JA, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Torgerson D. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7: 390-406.
105.Adachi JD, Ollszynski WP, Hanley D, et al. Management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2000;29:228-251.
106.Walsh LJ, Wong CA, Pringle M, Tattersfield AE. Use of oral corticosteroids in the community and the prevention of secondary osteoporosis: a cross sectional study. BMJ 1996;313:344-346.
Ip M, Lam K, Yam L, Kung A, Ng M. Decreased bone mineral density in premenopausal asthma patients receiving long-term inhaled steroids. Chest 1994;105:1722-1727.
108.Sattler AM, Schoppet M, Schaefer JR, Hofbauer LC. Novel aspects on RANK ligand and osteoprotegrin in osteoporosis and vascular disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2004;74:103-106.
109.Klein RG, Arnaud SB, Gallagher JC, Deluca HF, Riggs BL. Intestinal calcium absorption in exogenous hypercortisolism. J Clin Invest 1977;60: 253-260.
110.Suzuki Y, Ichikawa Y, Saito E, Homma M. Importance of increased urinary calcium excretion in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism of patients under glucocorticoid therapy. Metabolism 1983;32:151-156.
111.Wolverton SE. Major adverse effects from sistemic drugs: defining the risks. Curr Probl Dermatol 1995;7:1-40.
Yosipovitch G, Hoon TA, Leok GC. Suggested Rationale for Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Loss in Dermatologic Patients. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:477-481.
113.Goh JC, Bose K, Das D. Pattern of fall and bone mineral density measurement in hip fractures. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1996;25:820-823.
114.World Health Organization. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. In: Technical Report: Series 843. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1994.
115.Ruegsegger P, Medici TC, Anliker M. Corticosteroid-induced bone loss: a longitudinal study of alternate day therapy in patients with bronchial asthma using quantitative computed tomography. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1983;25:615-620.
116.Van Staa T, Leufkens HGM, Abenhaim L, Zhang B, Cooper C. Use of oral corticosteroids and risk of fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:993-1000.
117.Bone and Tooth Society. Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment. London, England: National Osteoporosis Society, Royal College of Physicians, 2002.
118.American College of Rheumatology Ad Hoc Committee on Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: 2001 update. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:1496-1503.
119.Summey BT, Yosipovitch G. Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Loss in Dermatologic Patients. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:82-90.
120.American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoprosis Guidelines. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-1801.
121.Czerwinski SM, Kurowski TG, O'Neill TM, Hickson RC. Initiating regular exercise protects against muscle atrophy from glucocorticoids. J Appl Physiol 1987;63:1504-1510.
Lane NE, Lukert B. The science and therapy of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998;27:465-483.
123.Sambrook P, Birmingham J, Kelly P, et al. Prevention of corticosteroid osteoporosis: a comparison of calcium, calcitriol, and calcitonin. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1747-1752.
124.Adachi JD, Ioannidis GT. Calcium and vitamin D therapy in corticosteroid-induced bone loss: what is the evidence? Calcif Tissue Int 1999;65:332-336.
Lukert BP, Raisz LG. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathogenesis and management. Ann Intern Med 1990;112:352-364.
126.Buckley LM, Leib ES, Cartularo KS, Vacek PM, Cooper SM. Calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation prevents bone loss in the spine secondary to low-dose corticosteroids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:961-968.
127.Voigt LF, Weiss NS, Chu J, Daling JR, McKnight B, Van Belle G. Progestagene sup- plementation of exogenous estrogens and risk of endometrial cancer. Lancet 1991;338:274-277.
Vogelvang TE, Van der Mooren MJ, Mijatovic V. Hormone replacement therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and tissuespecific compounds: cardiovascular effects and clinical implications. Treat Endocrinol 2004;3:105-115.
129.Ettinger B, Black DM, Mitlak BH, et al. Reduction in vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal associated women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. JAMA 1999;282:637-645.
Saag KG, Emkey R, Schnitzer TJ, et al. Alendronate for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1998;339:292-299.
131.Reid IR. Bisphosphonates: new indications and methods of administration. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2003;15:458-463.
132.Simon JA, Lewiecki EM, Smith ME, Petruschke RA, Wang L, Palmisano JJ. Patient pre- ference for once-weekly alendronate 70 mg versus once-daily alendronate 10 mg: a multicenter, randomized, open-label, crossover study. Clin Ther 2002;24:1871-1886.
Gennari C, Agnusdei D, Camporeale A. Use of calcitonin in the treatment of bone pain associated with osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1991;49(Supl. 2):S9-S13.
134.Mystakidou K, Befon S, Hondros K, et al. Continuous subcutaneous administration of high-dose salmon calcitonin in bone metastasis: pain control and beta endorphin plasma levels. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999;18:323-330.
Stock JC, Avioli LV, Baylink DJ for the PROOF Study Group. Calcitonin-salmon nasal spray reduces the incidence of new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women [abstract]. J Bone Miner Res 1997; 12(Supl. 1):S149.
Quattrocchi E, Kourlas H. Teriparatide: a review. Clin Ther 2004;26:841-854.
Hodsman AB, Bauer DC, Dempster D, et al. Parathyroid hormone and teriparatide for the treatment of osteoporosis: a review of the evidence and suggested guidelines for its use. Endocr Rev 2005;26:688-703.
Grey A, Reid IR. Emerging and potential therapies for osteoporosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005;14:265-278.
Feldman D. Osteonecroses. In: Prado FC, et al. Atualização terapêutica: manual prático de diagnóstico e tratamento. 20 ª ed. São Paulo: Artes Médicas, 2001:1424-26.
Gallant C, Kenny P. Oral glucocorticoids and their complications: a review. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;14:161-77.
David DS, Grieco H, Cushman P Jr. Adrenal glucocorticoids after twenty years – A review of their clinically relevant consequences. J Chron Dis 1970;22:637-711.
Wong GK, Poon WS, Chiu KH. Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the hip in neurosurgical patients: epidemiological study. ANZ J Surg 2005;75:409-10.
Mankin HJ. Non traumatic necrosis of bone (osteonecrosis). N Engl J Med 1992;326:1473-1479.
Holman A J, Gardner GC, Richardson ML, et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging predicts clinical outcome of core decompression for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. J Rheumatol 1995;22(10):1929-33.
Nagasawa K, Tada Y, Koarada S, et al. Very early development of steroid-associated osteonecrosis of femoral head in systemic lupus erythematosus: prospective study by MRI. Lupus 2005;14:385-90.
Ito K, Inuo-Nakayama M, Matsumoto M, et al. Steroid-induced osteonecrosis in refractory ulcerative colitis. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 2005;96:5-10.
Carson JL, Strom BL, Schinnar R, Duff A, Sim E. The low risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients dispensed corticosteroids. Am J Med 1991;91:223-8.
Conn HO, Blitzer BL. Nonassociation of adrenocorticosteroid therapy and pepticulcer. N Engl J Med 1976;294:473-9.
Nielsen GL, Soransen HT, Mellemkjoer L, et al. Risk of hospitalization resulting from upper gastrointestinal bleeding among patients taking corticosteroids: a register-based cohort study. Am J Med 2001;111:541-45.
Helin-Salmivaara A, Huuppenen R, Virtanen A, et al. Frequent prescribing of drugs with potential gastrointestinal toxicity among continuous users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 61:425-31.
Ellershaw JE, Kelly MJ. Corticosteroids and peptic ulceration. Palliat Med 1994;8:313-9.
Pecora PG, Kaplan B. Corticosteroids and ulcers: is there an association? Ann Pharmacother 1996;30:870-2.
Potter A, Stephens D, De Keulenaer B. Strongyloides hyper-infection: a case for awareness. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2003; 97:855-60.
Lemos LB, Qu Z, Laucirica R, Fred HL. Hyperinfection syndrome in strongyloidiasis: report of two cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 2003;7:87-94.
Genta RM. Dysregulation of strongyloidiasis: a new hypothesis. Clin Microbiol Rev 1992;5:345-55.
Nozais JP, Thellier M, Datry A, Danis M. Disseminated strongyloidiasis. Presse Med. 2001;30:813-8.
Schacke H, Docke WD, Asadullah K. Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids. Pharmacol Ther 2002;96:23-43.
Whitworth JA, Gordon D, Andrews J, et al. The hypertensive effect of synthetic glucocorticoids in man: role of sodium and volume. J Hypertens 1989;7:537-49.
Brem AS. Insights into glucocorticoid-associated hypertension. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;37:1-10.
Whitworth JA, Mangos GJ, Kelly JJ. Cushing, cortisol, and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 2000;36:912-6.
Hricik DE, Schulak JA. Metabolic effects of steroid withdrawalin adult renal transplant recipients. Kidney Int 1993;44 (Supl. 43): S26-S9.
Squifflet J-P, Vanrenterghem Y, Van Hooff JP, et al. Safe withdrawal of corticosteroids or mycophenolate mofetil: results of a large, prospective, multicenter, randomized study. The European Tacrolimus/MMF. Transplantation Study Transplant Proc 2002;34:1584-6.
Chan MK, Varghese Z, Persaud JW, et al. The role of multiple pharmaco-therapy in the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia after renal transplantation. Clin Nephrol 1981;15:309-13.
S’evaux RGL de, Hilbrands LB, Tiggeler RGWL, et al. A randomised, prospective study on the conversion from cyclosporine-prednisone to cyclosporine-azathioprine at 6 months after renal transplantation. Transpl Int 1998; 11 (Supl. 1-28):1097-103;S322-4.
Hilbrands LB, Demacker PNM, Hoitsma AJ, et al. The effects of cyclosporine and prednisone on serum lipid and (apo)lipoprotein levels in renal transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995;5:2073-81.
Patrassi GM, Dal Bo Zanon R, Boscaro M, et al. Further studies of on the hypercoagulable state of patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Thromb Haemost 1985;54:518-20.
Sartori MT, Maurizio PG, Sara P, et al. Relation between long-term steroid treatment after heart transplantation, hypofibrinolysis and myocardial microthrombi generation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1999;18:693-700.
Iuchi T, Akaike M, Mitsui T, et al. Glucocorticoid excess induces superoxide production in vascular endothelial and elicits vascular endothelial dysfunction. Circ Res 2003; 92:81-7.
Chikanza C, Fernandes L. Arrhythmia after pulsemethylprednisolone therapy. Br J Rheumatol 1991;30:392-393.
Smith RS, Warren DJ. Effects of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone on circulation in humans. Transplantation 1983;35: 349-351.
Pryse-Phillips WE, Chandra RK, Rose B. Anaphylactoid reaction to methylprednisolone pulsed therapy for multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1984;34:1119-1121.
Ashford RF, Bailey A. Angioneurotic oedema and urticaria following hydrocortisone: a further case. Postgrad Med J 1980;56:437.
Pollock B, Wilkinson SM, MacDonald Hull SP. Chronic urticaria associated with intra- articular methylprednisolone. Br J Dermatol 2001;144: 1228-30.
Brambilia L, Boneschi V, Chiappino G, et al. Allergic reaction to topical desoxymethasone and oral triamcinolone. Contact Dermatitis 1989;21: 272-3.
De Corres LF, Bernaola G, Urrutia I, et al. Allergic dermatitis from systemic treatment with corticosteroids. Contact Dermatitis 1990;22:104-5.
Maucher O, Faber M, Knipper H, et al. Kortikoidallergie. Hautarzt 1987; 38: 577-82.
Kanski J. Clinical Ophthalmology - A Systemic Approach. 5th Ed. Butterwoth-Heinemann, 2003:167.
Nesbitt L. Glucocorticosteroids. In: Bolognia J, Jorizzo J, Rapini R. Dermatology. 1st ed. Mosby. 2003: 1979-89.
Shalka HW, Prachal JT. Effect of corticosteroids on catarats formation. Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:1773-7.
Urban RC, Cotlier E. Corticosteroid-induced catarats. Surv ophtalmol 1986;31:102-10.
Goldberg I. Ocular inflamatory and steroid induced glaucoma. In: Yanof. Ophtalmology. 2nd ED. Mosby. 2004:1512-17.
Paranhos A. Aumento da pressão ocular. In: Schorr P, Chaman W, Belfort R. Oftalmolo- gía. 1a ed. Menole. 2004:291-302.
Fraser FC, Sajoo A. Teratogenic potential of corticosteroids in humans. Teratology 1995;51:45-6.
Park WL, Mazzota P, Partuszak A. Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and metaanalysis of epidemiological studies. Teratology 2000;62:385-92.
Oren D, Nulman I, Makhija M, et al. Using corticosteroids during pregnancy. Are topi- cal, inhaled, or systemic agents associated with risk? Can Fam Physician 2004;50: 1083-5.
Ostensen ME, Skomsvoll JF. Anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004;5(3):571-80.
Berglund F, Floder H, Lundborg P, et al. Drug use during pregnancy and breast-feeding.A classification system for drug information. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 1984; 126:1-55.
Kirksey A, Groziak SM. Maternal drug use: evaluation of risks to breast-fed infants. World Rev Nutr Diet 1984;43:60-79.
Ludden TM. Pharmacokinetic interactions of the macrolide antibiotics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1985;10:63-79.
Bolland MJ, Bagg W, Thomas MG, et al. Cushing's Syndrome Due to Interaction between Inhaled Corticosteroids and Itraconazole. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2004;38:46-49.
Seidegard J, Simonsson M, Edsbacker S. Effect of an oral contraceptive on the plasma levels of budesonide and prednisolone and the influence on plasma cortisol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;67:373-81.
Perignon F, Pecquinot MA, Ged C, Antignac C, Guest G, Tete MJ, Broyer M, Lenoir G. Pharmacokinetics of prednisone after oral administration in children with renal grafts. Changes induced by phenobarbital and renal insufficiency. Arch Fr Pediatr 1985; 42(Supl. 1):639-44.
Pisani F, Perucca E, Di Perri R. Clinically relevant anti-epileptic drug interactions. J Int Med Res 1990;18:1-15.
Grange JM, Winstanley PA, Davies PD. Clinically significant drug interactions with antituberculosis agents. Drug Saf 1994;11:242-5.
Naggar VF, Khalil SA, Gouda MW. Effect of concomitant administration of magnesium trisilicate on GI absorption of dexamethasone in humans. J Pharm Sci 1978;67:1029-30.
Johansson C, Adamsson U, Stierner U, Lindsten T. Interaction by cholestyramine on the uptake of hydrocortisone in the gastrointestinal tract. Acta Med Scand 1978; 204:509-12.
Brooks SM, Sholiton LJ, Werk EE Jr, Altenau P. The effects of ephedrine and theophylline on dexamethasone metabolism in bronchial asthma. J Clin Pharmacol 1977;17:308-18.
Pichard L, Fabre I, Daujat M, Domergue J, Joyeux H, Maurel P. Effect of corticosteroids on the expression of cytochromes P450 and on cyclosporin A oxidase activity in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Mol Pharmacol 1992;41:1047-55.
Vernardet S, Bleyzac N, Belkacem A, et al. Cyclosporine - Corticosteroide drug interaction study using a pharmacokinetic population model. J Pharmacie Clinique 2004;23:235-240.
Goldberg PB, Roberts J. Pharmacologic basis for developing rational drug regimens for elderly patients. Med Clin North Am 1983;67:315-31.
Newnham DM. Asthma medications and their potential adverse effects in the elderly: recommendations for prescribing. Drug Saf 2001;24:1065-80.
Bouveret JP, Hanoteau J, Gerbeaux J, Houin G, Tillement JP. Changes in the isoniazid inactivation index during antituberculosis treatment in children. Arch Fr Pediatr 1983;40:615-9.
Kuypers DRJ, Claes K, Evenepoel P, Maes B, Coosemans W, Pirenne J, Vanrenterghem Y. Time-related clinical determinants of longterm tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in combination therapy with mycophenolic acid and corticosteroids: A prospective study in one hundred de novo renal transplant recipients. Clin Pharmacokinetics 2004;43:741-762.
204.Hesselink DA, Ngyuen H, Wabbijn M, et al. Tacrolimus dose requirement in renal transplant recipients is significantly higher when used in combination with corticosteroids. Brit J Clinic Pharmacol 2003;56:327-330.
205.Verbeeck RK. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 1990;19:44-46.
206.Day RO, Harris G, Brown M, Graham GG, Champion GD. Interaction of salicylate and corticosteroids in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1988;26: 334-7.
207.Jindal RM, Sidner RA, Milgrom ML. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus. The role of immunosuppression. Drug Saf 1997;16: 242-57.
Kaufman M. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with high-dose corticosteroids may prolong the prothrombin time to dangerous levels in patients taking warfarin. Mult Scler 1997; 3:248-9.
Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Amoura Z, Wechsler B, Piette JC. Interactions between corticosteroids and oral anticoagulants: a real problem. Rev Med Interne 2001;22:8-10.
Upton RA. Pharmacokinetic interactions between theophylline and other medication: Part I). Clin Pharmacokinet 1991;20:66-80.
Squire EN Jr, Nelson HS. Corticosteroids and theophylline clearance. N Engl Reg Allergy Proc 1987;8:113-5.
Texto completo
Cómo citar este artículo