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2024, Número 3

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Acta Pediatr Mex 2024; 45 (3)


Complicaciones trombóticas en pacientes pediátricos con patologías oncológicas: Una visión general

Aránzazu CAD, Rendón DM, Herrera AL, Martínez SLM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 229-239
Archivo PDF: 280.65 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las tres patologías oncológicas más frecuentes en la población pediátrica son: las leucemias agudas, seguidas de tumores del sistema nervioso central y linfomas. La leucemia linfoide aguda, además de ser la patología oncológica más frecuente en niños, es a la que se le describe mayor frecuencia de complicaciones trombóticas.
El cáncer, genera un estado de hipercoagulabilidad, lo cual, mediante la triada de Virchow se puede comprender mejor, ya que describe las condiciones requeridas para que ocurra la trombosis, entre ellas: estasis venoso, daño vascular e hipercoagulabilidad. Condiciones que se presentan con frecuencia en los pacientes oncológicos.
Se han descrito diversos factores de riesgo asociados con complicaciones trombóticas en donde el uso de catéter venoso central es altamente relevante.
Para la prevención de estas complicaciones es fundamental identificar aquellos pacientes que presentan alto riesgo para brindar un abordaje oportuno, lo cual incluye utilizar el catéter adecuado, el uso de medidas generales, profilaxis mecánica y profilaxis farmacológica cuando esta sea indicada.


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