2022, Número 2
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Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter 2022; 38 (2)
Papel de los exosomas en la angiogénesis, revascularización y respuesta inmune
Martínez-Sánchez LM, Saavedra-Valencia ME, Gil-Ramos JM
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 69
Paginas: 1-17
Archivo PDF: 401.61 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción:
Los exosomas son vesículas extracelulares de tamaño nanométrico, que se generan cuando los endosomas multivesiculares se fusionan con la membrana plasmática y el contenido de las vesículas intraluminales se libera en el espacio extracelular. Son producidos por casi todos los tipos de células, en condiciones fisiológicas y patológicas. Transportan proteínas, lípidos y ácido ribonucleico (ARN) no codificante, desde la célula madre hasta la célula receptora, estos son considerados un punto clave en la regeneración de tejidos, lo que se ha demostrado en una serie de estudios, con diferentes tejidos corporales, como piel, cartílago, pancreático y tejidos cardiovasculares.
Objetivo:
Explicar los aspectos generales y posibles usos de los exosomas en el campo médico.
Métodos:
Se realizó una búsqueda de información mediante consulta en las bases de datos SciELO PubMed, Science Direct y Lilacs, en los idiomas español e inglés, con diferentes combinaciones de palabras claves y términos MESH como: exosomes, neovascularization, wound healing, immunity, micro RNA, immunology, therapy, classification. Se efectuó un análisis y resumen de la información revisada.
Conclusiones:
En la actualidad, los exosomas se han convertido en objeto de investigación para diversos tratamientos, medicamentos y uso como marcadores moleculares. Se destacan en terapias contra el cáncer, la inmunomodulación, la estimulación o supresión de la angiogénesis, regeneración cutánea, cicatrización y curación de heridas; por lo que de forma general resultan prometedores en el ámbito de las ciencias médicas.
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