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Revista Cubana de Anestesiología y Reanimación

2022, Número 2

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Revista Cubana de Anestesiología y Reanimación 2022; 21 (2)


Presión de distensión alveolar: su asociación a la mortalidad y protección pulmonar en pacientes ventilados

Cuba NAJ, Sosa RA, Nuñez VI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 65
Paginas: 1-20
Archivo PDF: 431.33 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La ventilación mecánica artificial es una medida terapéutica de soporte vital aplicada en contextos clínicos como el síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo. Por eso es necesario establecer parámetros de seguridad. La presión de distensión alveolar es una variable de interés en la protección pulmonar. Se usa para optimizar el volumen tidal de acuerdo con el tamaño del pulmón disponible durante el intercambio gaseoso. Refleja el grado de estiramiento pulmonar en cada ciclo respiratorio.
Objetivo: Actualizar contenidos referentes a la presión de distensión alveolar en pacientes ventilados con distrés respiratorio agudo.
Método: Se realizó una pesquisa en Google Scholar, Pubmed/Medline, SciELO regional entre otros, bajo los términos: ventilación de protección pulmonar/variables, presión de distensión alveolar durante la ventilación/medición, relación de la presión de distensión alveolar y mortalidad en SDRA/resultados. Se seleccionaron 65 referencias que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión.
Resultados: La evidencia actual asocia el hecho de mantener una excesiva presión de distención alveolar, a la mortalidad en pacientes ventilados con síndrome de distrés respiratorio. Permite identificar el riesgo de daño inducido por la ventilación y complicaciones pulmonares en otros escenarios clínicos. Se logra así mejoría en los objetivos y metas en la ventilación mecánica artificial.
Conclusiones: La presión de distensión alveolar está asociada con cambios en la supervivencia y ha demostrado ser el mediador clave en los efectos de la ventilación mecánica sobre los resultados del síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo.


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