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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2024, Número 2

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Med Int Mex 2024; 40 (2)


Embolia por metilmetacrilato

Rozo OEJ, Barón BJO, Torres RKG, Guerrero LJA, Palacios RLR, López NLS, Reyes SE, Vargas RLJ, Velasco CJC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 75
Paginas: 127-136
Archivo PDF: 226.27 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes con embolia por metilmetacrilato.
Metodología: Búsqueda sistemática de bibliografía de casos clínicos apegada a la declaración PRISMA 20 y al Manual Cochrane de revisiones sistemáticas de intervenciones (versión 5.1.022). Se incluyó población con diagnóstico de embolia o complicaciones vasculares por cemento óseo (metilmetacrilato) reportada en publicaciones de 1992 a 2019, con análisis de las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y paraclínicas.
Resultados: El procedimiento más común fue la vertebroplastia (77%), sobre todo en mujeres (74.3%). El 63.5% eran pacientes sintomáticos y la arteria pulmonar el lugar más frecuente (89.2%). Todos recibieron anticoagulantes y la mortalidad fue del 9%.
Conclusiones: Las mujeres tienen mayor riesgo de embolia por metilmetacrilato luego de intervenciones como la vertebroplastia, con mayor prevalencia de manifestación clínica pulmonar debido al émbolo en este nivel y detectada en el posoperatorio; sin embargo, a diferencia de lo descrito en la bibliografía, hubo mayor incidencia de pacientes sintomáticos. En los casos registrados, el tratamiento médico consistió en la administración de anticoagulante, sobre todo de heparina, con lo que las cifras de mortalidad reportadas fueron bajas.


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