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2023, Número 4

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Cardiovasc Metab Sci 2023; 34 (4)


Modificaciones al estilo de vida y control de los factores de riesgo en la prevención y tratamiento de la fibrilación auricular. Avalado por la Sociedad Mexicana de Cardiología (SMC) y Asociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México (ANCAM)

Rodríguez-Reyes H, Asensio-Lafuente E, Cossío-Aranda JE, Borrayo-Sanchez G, Alcocer-Gamba M, Berni-Betancourt A, Picos-Bovio EM, Gallegos-De LCF, Laguna-Muñoz CI, Corona-Martínez VA, Muñoz-Gutiérrez LM, Rodríguez-Muñoz KM

Idioma: Inglés [English version]
Referencias bibliográficas: 145
Paginas: 186-206
Archivo PDF: 404.33 Kb.


RESUMEN

La fibrilación auricular (FA) es la arritmia más frecuente y se asocia con importante morbilidad, mortalidad y costos. A pesar de los grandes avances en la prevención de eventos embólicos y en el control del ritmo, poco se ha realizado para reducir su prevalencia, progresión e impacto, debido a que incrementa con la edad y con la presencia de múltiples factores de riesgo muy comunes en la población, como obesidad, sedentarismo, alcoholismo, tabaquismo y estrés, así como hipertensión arterial sistémica, diabetes mellitus, insuficiencia cardiaca, apnea del sueño, enfermedad renal crónica, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, cardiopatía isquémica y enfermedad vascular cerebral, entre otras comorbilidades importantes. Nuevas evidencias demuestran que las modificaciones en el estilo de vida y el control adecuado de factores de riesgo y comorbilidades pueden ser efectivos en la prevención primaria y secundaria de la FA, especialmente en sus formas paroxísticas; para ello es necesario un manejo multidisciplinario que integre las modificaciones en el estilo de vida, el manejo de factores de riesgo y control de comorbilidades en el tratamiento de la FA en conjunto con el control de ritmo o frecuencia y la anticoagulación. Desafortunadamente, en la práctica clínica, estas estrategias frecuentemente no son tomadas en cuenta, son subutilizadas y poco estudiadas. Los objetivos del presente posicionamiento son: a) revisar la relación entre factores de riesgo y comorbilidades con FA, b) revisar los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de cada una de estas condiciones, c) revisar el impacto del control de factores de riesgo y comorbilidades en el control e impacto de la FA y d) proporcionar guías y recomendaciones para la puesta en práctica de programas de tratamiento multidisciplinario e integral en pacientes con FA.


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