Canseco-Ávila LM, Jerjes-Sánchez C, Ortiz-López R, Rojas-Martínez A, Guzmán-Ramírez D

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 147
Paginas: 158-172
Archivo PDF: 225.41 Kb.

RESUMEN

La disfunción endotelial y un proceso de inflamación local y sistémica forman parte del proceso de la aterosclerosis coronaria, desde el inicio, progresión, hasta su máxima expresión clínica conocida como síndromes coronarios agudos. Dentro de este proceso, el fibrinógeno (Fg) reactante de fase aguda con activa participación en la función endotelial, trombosis e inflamación ha demostrado ser una variable independiente de riesgo cardiovascular con fenómenos de resistencia a diferentes tratamientos antitrombóticos. Conocemos en forma parcial los mecanismos a través de los cuales el fibrinógeno se encuentra elevado en la enfermedad cardiovascular y en la aterosclerosis, sin embargo, parece que las células involucradas en la aterogénesis producen citocinas que inducen una reacción de fase aguda. Los principales mecanismos a través de los cuales el Fg eleva el riesgo cardiovascular son: formación de trombina, agregación plaquetaria, modula función endotelial, promueve proliferación y migración de las células del músculo liso, interactúa con las uniones de plasmina y es una proteína mayor de fase aguda. Evidencia que emerge de estudios epidemiológicos permite considerar al fibrinógeno como un fuerte, consistente e independiente indicador o factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Por todas estas implicaciones, esta revisión analiza evidencia fisiopatogénica y epidemiológica para identificar direcciones que permitan establecer si el Fg como factor o indicador de riesgo es el vínculo perdido entre la enfermedad cardiovascular y los factores clásicos de riesgo. Conclusión: El análisis de los estudios revisados sugiere fuertemente que el Fg es un importante e independiente indicador de riesgo cardiovascular asociado a factores de riesgo convencionales y polimorfismos genéticos. No obstante, es necesario determinar si el Fg se encuentra involucrado o no en la causalidad de la aterotrombosis y en la génesis de eventos cardiovasculares. Mientras esta interrogante y otras esperan una respuesta el Fg emerge como un promisorio indicador adicional de riesgo cardiovascular.

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