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Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2023, Número 2

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Rev Biomed 2023; 34 (2)


Micronúcleos: Actualización del papel en la inestabilidad genética, inflamación, envejecimiento y cáncer. Revisión panorámica

Torres-Bugarín O, Arias-Ruiz LF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 80
Paginas: 208-223
Archivo PDF: 393.91 Kb.


RESUMEN

La integridad del genoma es esencial para la salud y la continuidad de las especies. Los micronúcleos son biomarcadores de genotoxicidad, y protagonistas de inestabilidad y caos genético. Un micronúcleo o cuerpo de Howell-Jolly, contiene DNA independiente del núcleo, éste se origina por retraso anafásico, cuya membrana es inestable y proclive a romperse sin reparación. El DNA contenido en estas estructuras puede condensarse, replicarse, dividirse; no obstante, de manera asincrónica al material genético nuclear, incluso puede sufrir de cromotripsis y reincorporarse al núcleo, lo cual provoca caos genético y con ello cáncer. Por otro lado, si el DNA del micronúcleo es liberado al citosol, desencadena la respuesta inflamatoria crónica, senescencia y apoptosis. Entonces, es vital detectar oportunamente a individuos susceptibles al daño genómico, lo cual permitiría priorizar la atención profiláctica. Por tanto, el objetivo fue hacer una revisión descriptiva sobre algunos de los modelos más empleados e innovadores en la prueba de micronúcleos y los avances celulares y moleculares, en el conocimiento de estas estructuras, así como sus efectos a la salud, para delinear una perspectiva y proponerlos como alternativa preventiva de fácil ejecución en la detección de individuos vulnerables a genotóxicos. Se buscaron artículos en MEDLINE publicados en los años 2000-2023, que incluían los términos “micronuclei uses and causes” y “micronuclei causes and consecuences”. La inclusión final se determinó después de la revisión de los resúmenes y el posterior análisis del texto completo; se dejaron de incluir artículos una vez que fueron repetitivas las aportaciones.


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