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2021, Número 3

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Revista Cubana de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular 2021; 22 (3)


Pesquisa de enfermedad arterial periférica asintomática en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Pérez PA, Barnés DJA, García GY, González HO

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 67
Paginas: 1-29
Archivo PDF: 381.08 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus modifica la historia natural de la aterosclerosis. Por ello, la repercusión de este proceso en los diferentes lechos vasculares constituye la principal causa de morbimortalidad en estos pacientes.
Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de enfermedad arterial periférica asintomática en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, su relación con otras variables clínicas de la diabetes y las complicaciones de la enfermedad.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el policlínico Cerro con un total de 100 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 en edades comprendidas entre 40 y 70 años en el período de un año (2019), sin diagnóstico previo de enfermedad arterial periférica ni lesiones en los pies. Se examinaron los pulsos periféricos de miembros inferiores y se calculó el índice de presiones tobillo-brazo.
Resultados: Se identificaron 36 pacientes con índices bajos, lo que fue consistente con una enfermedad arterial periférica asintomática (36 %). El tabaquismo se relacionó de forma significativa con la presencia de índices bajos (p = 0,02), pero no hubo diferencias significativas con respecto a la edad, el sexo, el color de la piel, el tiempo de evolución de la diabetes, el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, la actividad física, la hipertensión arterial y la obesidad. La mayoría de los pacientes tuvo una afectación ligera en cuanto a la severidad.
Conclusiones: La enfermedad arterial periférica asintomática es una complicación frecuente en las personas con diabetes de tipo 2.


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