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2000, Número 5

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Enf Infec Microbiol 2000; 20 (5)


Susceptibilidad de 1,100 cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae aisladas en 1997 de siete países de América Latina y el Caribe

Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 28
Paginas: 198-205
Archivo PDF: 57.73 Kb.


RESUMEN

La susceptibilidad antimicrobiana a agentes β-lactámicos y no β-lactámicos de 1,100 aislamientos de Streptococcus pneumoniae recuperados en 1997 de 16 Centros en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México, Panamá, Venezuela y las Antillas se estudió usando la prueba E y métodos de difusión de disco. Un total de 23.6% de aislamientos tuvieron una CIM a la penicilina incrementada (16.7% con susceptibilidad intermedia y 6.9% resistentes). La susceptibilidad de los otros agentes estudiados, de los más activos a los menos activos, fue: amoxicilina/clavulanato (99.5% susceptibles), cloranfenicol (93.2%), cefotaxima (91.7%), eritromicina (87.1%), tetraciclina (74.6%), trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol (TMP-SMZ) (55.4%) y cefaclor (52.8%). La mayor proporción de cepas resistentes a la penicilina, cloranfenicol, eritromicina, tetraciclina y TMP-SMZ se encontró en cepas de México, mientras que la resistencia a estos agentes fue menor en cepas de las Antillas. La prevalencia de resistencia a la penicilina (incluyendo aislamientos intermedios y resistentes) en cada uno de los países, de la mayor a la menor, fue como sigue: México (40.8%), Chile (31.3%), Panamá (23.0%), Venezuela (21.9%), Argentina (19.9%), Brasil (12.9%) y las Antillas (7.1%). Con base en los actuales niveles de resistencia antimicrobiana de S. pneumoniae en América Latina y países del Caribe, se necesitan esfuerzos continuos en la vigilancia a fin de guiar el tratamiento empírico clínico y ayudar a un uso prudente de los agentes antimicrobianos.


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