medigraphic.com
ISSN 2078-7170 (Digital)

2021, Número 3

Siguiente >>

CorSalud 2021; 13 (3)


Estimación de riesgo en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST: Su realidad en Cuba

Rodríguez JAE, Chávez GE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 55
Paginas: 260-270
Archivo PDF: 304.76 Kb.


RESUMEN

El infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST es una de las enfermedades cardiovasculares con mayor mortalidad. Su pronóstico se relaciona con la probabilidad de desarrollar complicaciones a corto o largo plazo y depende más de las condiciones al ingreso que de los factores de riesgo coronario previos. Los estudios encaminados a desarrollar una fórmula que permita cuantificar riesgo de muerte o complicaciones de un paciente con infarto agudo de miocardio, mediante una puntuación o score, se remontan a la década de 1950. Las diferencias en la aplicabilidad de estas escalas de estratificación de riesgo existentes, a la población cubana, derivan del hecho de haber sido desarrolladas en países de ingresos altos, por lo cual su extrapolación es cuestionable. Existen diferencias sociodemográficas, étnicas, genéticas e idiosincráticas, que pueden ser la causa de que los resultados predichos en los estudios originales no sean reproducibles con exactitud en poblaciones diferentes.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. World Health Statistics 2019: Monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization [citado 26 Nov 2020]. 2019. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2019/EN_WHS_2019_Main.pdf?ua=1

  2. Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(10):e56-e528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000659

  3. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393

  4. Anderson JL, Morrow DA. Acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(21):2053-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1606915

  5. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Anuario Estadístico de Salud 2018. La Habana: Dirección de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud; 2019.

  6. Scirica BM, Libby P, Morrow DA. ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Pathophysiology and Clinical Evolution. En: Zipes D, Libby P, Bonow R, Mann D, Tomaselli G, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald´s Heart disease. A textbook of cardiovacular medicine. 11ª Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019. p.1095-120.

  7. Sanz GA. Estratificación del riesgo en los síndromes coronarios agudos: un problema no resuelto. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2007;60(Supl 3):23-30.

  8. Bueno H, Martín R. Riesgo cardiovascular a largo plazo tras un síndrome coronario agudo, todavía un reto. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2016;69(1):1-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2015.08.019

  9. Schnur S. Mortality rates in acute myocardial infarction. II. A proposed method for measuring quantitatively severity of illness on admission to the hospital. Ann Intern Med. 1953;39(5):1018-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-39-5-1018

  10. Norris R, Brandt P, Caughey D, Lee A, Scott P. A new coronary prognostic index. Lancet. 1969;293(7589):274-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(69)91035-6

  11. Huang J, Peng X, Fang Z, Hu X, Zhou S. Risk assessment model for predicting ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Medicine [Internet]. 2019 [citado 15 Dic 2020];98(4):e14174. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014174

  12. Simonsson M, Winell H, Olsson H, Szummer K, Alfredsson J, Hall M, et al. Development and Validation of a Novel Risk Score for In-Hospital Major Bleeding in Acute Myocardial Infarction:-The SWEDEHEART Score. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2019 [citado 16 Ene 2021];8(5):e012157. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.012157

  13. Song PS, Ryu DR, Kim MJ, Jeon KH, Choi RK, Park JS, et al. Risk Scoring System to Assess Outcomes in Patients Treated with Contemporary Guideline-Adherent Optimal Therapies after Acute Myocardial Infarction. Korean Circ J. 2018;48(6):492-504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2017.0128

  14. Shimony A, Grandi SM, Pilote L, Joseph L, O'Loughlin J, Paradis G, et al. Utilization of evidence-based therapy for acute coronary syndrome in high-income and low/middle-income countries. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113(5):793-7. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.11.024

  15. Rossello X, Huo Y, Pocock S, Van de Werf F, Chin CT, Danchin N, et al. Global geographical variations in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction management and post-discharge mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2017;245:27-34. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.039

  16. Brogan RA, Malkin CJ, Batin PD, Simms AD, McLenachan JM, Gale CP. Risk stratification for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention. World J Cardiol [Internet]. 2014 [citado 20 Ene 2021];6(8):865-73. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v6.i8.865

  17. Granger CB, Goldberg RJ, Dabbous O, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Cannon CP, et al. Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute coronary events. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(19):2345-53. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.19.2345

  18. D'Ascenzo F, Biondi-Zoccai G, Moretti C, Bollati M, Omedè P, Sciuto F, et al. TIMI, GRACE and alternative risk scores in Acute Coronary Syndromes: a meta-analysis of 40 derivation studies on 216,552 patients and of 42 validation studies on 31,625 patients. Contemp Clin Trials. 2012;33(3):507-14. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2012.01.001

  19. Fox KA, Langrish JP. Estratificación del riesgo en los síndromes coronarios agudos. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2010;63(6):629-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-8932(10)70153-6

  20. Morrow D, Antman E, Charlesworth A, Cairns R, Murphy SA, de Lemos JA, et al. TIMI risk score for ST elevation myocardial infarction: a convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation. An intravenous nPA for treatment of infarcting myocardium early II trial substudy. Circulation. 2000;102(17):2031-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.102.17.2031

  21. Ferreira D. Risk stratification after acute coronary syndromes: Scores, scores and yet another score. Rev Port Cardiol. 2017;36(2):85-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2016.12.001

  22. Ford ES, Roger VL, Dunlay SM, Go AS, Rosamond WD. Challenges of ascertaining national trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2014 [citado 23 Feb 2021];3(6):e001097.Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.114.001097

  23. Walker DM, West NE, Ray SG. From coronary care unit to acute cardiac care unit: the evolving role of specialist cardiac care. Heart. 2012;98(5):350-2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301459

  24. James SK, Spertus JA. Evidence-based treatments for STEMI: are we doing enough? Lancet. 2013;382(9892):576-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61716-X

  25. Jacobs DR, Kroenke C, Crow R, Deshpande M, Gu DF, Gatewood L, et al. PREDICT: A simple risk score for clinical severity and long-term prognosis after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina: the Minnesota heart survey. Circulation. 1999;100(6):599-607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.100.6.599

  26. Roubin GS, Shen WF, Kelly DT, Harris PJ. The QRS scoring system for estimating myocardial infarct size: clinical, angiographic and prognostic correlations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;2(1):38-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(83)80374-x

  27. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8

  28. Califf RM, Pieper KS, Lee KL, Van De Werf F, Simes RJ, Armstrong PW, et al. Prediction of 1-year survival after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction in the global utilization of streptokinase and TPA for occluded coronary arteries trial. Circulation. 2000;101(19):2231-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.101.19.2231

  29. Morrow DA, Antman EM, Parsons L, de Lemos JA, Cannon CP, Giugliano RP, et al. Application of the TIMI risk score for ST-elevation MI in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 3. JAMA. 2001;286(11):1356-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.11.1356

  30. Amin ST, Morrow DA, Braunwald E, Sloan S, Contant C, Murphy S, et al. Dynamic TIMI risk score for STEMI. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2013 [citado 1 Mar 2021];2(1):e003269. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.112.003269

  31. Buccheri S, Capranzano P, Condorelli A, Scalia M, Tamburino C, Capodanno D. Risk stratification after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2016;14(12):1349-60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14779072.2017.1256201

  32. Morrow DA, Antman EM, Giugliano RP, Cairns R, Charlesworth A, Murphy SA, et al. A simple risk index for rapid initial triage of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an InTIME II substudy. Lancet. 2001;358(9293):1571-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06649-1

  33. Littnerova S, Kala P, Jarkovsky J, Kubkova L, Prymusova K, Kubena P, et al. GRACE score among six risk scoring systems (CADILLAC, PAMI, TIMI, Dynamic TIMI, Zwolle) demonstrated the best predictive value for prediction of long term mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. PLoS One [Internet]. 2015 [citado 7 Mar 2021];10(4):e0123215. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123215

  34. Fox KA, FitzGerald G, Puymirat E, Huang W, Carruthers K, Simon T, et al. Should patients with acute coronary disease be stratified for management according to their risk? Derivation, external validation and outcomes using the updated GRACE risk score. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2014 [citado 8 Mar 2021];4(2):e004425. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004425

  35. Stebbins A, Mehta RH, Armstrong PW, Lee KL, Hamm C, Werf FVd, et al. A Model for Predicting Mortality in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Results from the Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3(5):414-22. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.109.925180

  36. Tang-Chin C, Chen AY, Wang TY, Wang TY, Mathews R, Rumsfeld JS, et al. Risk adjustment for in-hospital mortality of contemporary patients with acutemyocardial infarction: The Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network (ACTION) Registry(r)-Get With The Guidelines (GWTG)(tm) acute myocardial infarction mortality model and risk score. Am Heart J. 2011;161(1):113-22.e2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2010.10.004

  37. McNamara RL, Kennedy KF, Cohen DJ, Diercks DB, Moscucci M, Ramee S, et al. Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(6):626-35. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.049

  38. Hizoh I, Gulyas Z, Domokos D, Banhegyi G, Majoros Z, Major L, et al. A novel risk model including vascular access site for predicting 30-day mortality after primary PCI: The ALPHA score. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2017;18(1):33-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carrev.2016.10.002

  39. Filipiak KJ, Koltowski L, Grabowski M, Karpinski G, Glowczynska R, Huczek Z, et al. Prospective comparison of the 5 most popular risk scores in clinical use for unselected patients with acute coronary syndrome. Circ J. 2011;75(1):167-73. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-10-0037

  40. McNamara RL, Wang Y, Partovian C, Montague J, Mody P, Eddy E, et al. Development of a Hospital Outcome Measure Intended for Use With Electronic Health Records: 30-Day Risk-standardized Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Med Care. 2015;53(9):818-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000402

  41. Pocock S, Bueno H, Licour M, Medina J, Zhang L, Annemans L, et al. Predictors of one-year mortality at hospital discharge after acute coronary syndromes: A new risk score from the EPICOR (long-tErm follow uP of antithrombotic management patterns In acute CORonary syndrome patients) study. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2015;4(6):509-17. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2048872614554198

  42. Halkin A, Singh M, Nikolsky E, Grines CL, Tcheng JE, Garcia E, et al. Prediction of mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: the CADILLAC risk score. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(9):1397-405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.041

  43. Addala S, Grines CL, Dixon SR, Stone GW, Boura JA, Ochoa AB, et al. Predicting mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PAMI risk score). Am J Cardiol. 2004;93(5):629-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.11.036

  44. Yadav M, Palmerini T, Caixeta A, Madhavan MV, Sanidas E, Kirtane AJ, et al. Prediction of Coronary Risk by SYNTAX and Derived Scores. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(14):1219-30. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.06.047

  45. Karabag Y, Çagdas M, Rencuzogullari I, Karakoyun S, Artaç I, Ilis D, et al. Comparison of SYNTAX score II efficacy with SYNTAX score and TIMI risk score for predicting in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;34(8):1165-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-018-1333-1

  46. De Luca G, Suryapranata H, van't Hof AW, de Boer M-J, Hoorntje JC, Dambrink J-HE, et al. Prognostic assessment of patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty: implications for early discharge. Circulation. 2004;109(22):2737-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000131765.73959.87

  47. Azzalini L, Solé E, Sans J, Vila M, Durán A, Gil-Alonso D, et al. Feasibility and safety of an early discharge strategy after low-risk acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the EDAMI pilot trial. Cardiology. 2015;130(2):120-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000368890

  48. Melberg T, Jorgensen M, Orn S, Solli T, Edland U, Dickstein K. Safety and health status following early discharge in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary PCI: a randomized trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22(11):1427-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487314559276

  49. Prieto Domínguez T, Doce Rodríguez V, Serra Valdés MA. Factores predictores de mortalidad en infarto agudo de miocardio. Rev Finlay [Internet]. 2017 [citado 16 Mar 2021];7(4):232-9. Disponible en: http://www.revfinlay.sld.cu/index.php/finlay/article/view/492/1616

  50. Alonso-Mariño AL, Alonso-Marino OL, Grau-Ábalos R. Infarto agudo de miocardio en pacientes jóvenes ingresados en cuidados intensivos. CorSalud [Internet]. 2012 [citado 17 Mar 2021];4(1):20-9. Disponible en: http://www.corsalud.sld.cu/sumario/2012/v4n1a12/iam.htm

  51. Santos-Medina M, Ricardo-Mora E. Factores de riesgo de rotura cardiaca posterior al infarto del miocardio. Rev Cuban Med Int Emerg [Internet]. 2017 [citado 19 Mar 2021];16(4):85-92. Disponible en: http://www.revmie.sld.cu/index.php/mie/article/view/85-92

  52. Cordero Sandoval QM, Ramírez Gómez JI, Moreno-Martínez FL, González Alfonso O. Valor predictivo de algunos modelos de estratificación de riesgo en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del ST. CorSalud [Internet]. 2013 [citado 20 Mar 2021];5(1):57-71. Disponible en: http://www.corsalud.sld.cu/sumario/2013/v5n1a13/estratificacion.html

  53. Santos Medina M, Valera Sales A, Ojeda Riquenes Y, Pardo Pérez L. Validación del score GRACE como predictor de riesgo tras un infarto agudo de miocardio. Rev Cuban Cardiol [Internet]. 2015 [citado 23 Mar 2021];21(2). Disponible en: http://www.revcardiologia.sld.cu/index.php/revcardiologia/article/view/578/pdf_13

  54. Betancourt-Plaza I, Martos-Benítez FD. Escala TIMI como predictor de muerte en pacientes con infarto miocárdico agudo sin intervención coronaria percutánea. CorSalud [Internet]. 2016 [citado 24 Mar 2021];8(2):111-6. Disponible en: http://www.revcorsalud.sld.cu/index.php/cors/article/view/107/260

  55. Santos Medina M, Gutiérrez Martínez AA, Obregón Santos AG, Rodríguez Ramos M, Piriz Assa A, Toledo Pérez L. Estratificación de riesgo en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio mediante el uso de varias escalas. CorSalud [Internet]. 2021 [citado 24 Mar 2021];13(3). Disponible en: http://www.revcorsalud.sld.cu/index.php/cors/article/view/816/1366




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com