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Medicina & Laboratorio

2021, Número 1

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2021; 25 (1)


Tratamiento ortobiológico con plasma rico en plaquetas. Revisión sistemática y clasificación de la evidencia

Vizcaíno-Salazar GJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 85
Paginas: 419-440
Archivo PDF: 241.68 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. El empleo del plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) o plasma autólogo con una cifra de plaquetas superior a la del plasma basal, ha tomado un auge notorio para estimular la regeneración tisular en las afecciones musculoesqueléticas y de tejidos blandos. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar sistemáticamente la eficacia del tratamiento con PRP en algunas lesiones musculoesqueléticas y de tejidos blandos en cirugía plástica y maxilofacial, así como en odontología y dermatología, con su nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación. Metodología. Se utilizaron los buscadores PubMed, Google Académico y la Biblioteca Cochrane con terminología MeSH. Se analizaron un total de 44 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados. El análisis de los estudios encontró que el nivel de evidencia fue de 1 en el 75%, nivel 2 en el 15,9%, nivel 3 en el 6,8%, y nivel 4 en el 2,2%. El grado de recomendación se distribuyó entre bueno y favorable; el 40,9% de los estudios reflejaron grado A, 50% grado B y 9% grado C. No obstante, el 50% de los estudios reportaron en sus conclusiones que hay una deficiencia en el diseño metodológico, con inconsistencia en sus resultados. Conclusión. Estos hallazgos señalan que en la evidencia encontrada se observan resultados contradictorios, la mayoría de ellos no muestran una prueba firme que apoye el empleo rutinario del PRP, porque sus diseños y poder estadístico son de baja calidad. Hace falta unificar criterios y diseños de investigación con evidencia científica altamente recomendable, para que el uso del PRP como agente ortobiológico en estas patologías, pueda ser ampliamente aceptado.


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