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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2022, Número 5

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Med Int Mex 2022; 38 (5)


Manifestaciones extrapulmonares de COVID-19

Moreno-Madrigal LG, Hernández-Lima AE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 53
Paginas: 1025-1040
Archivo PDF: 264.08 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los coronavirus son una gran familia de ARN-virus de cadena simple, que infectan a una amplia variedad de animales, incluyendo a los humanos. El virus SARS-CoV-2, que es responsable de la enfermedad denominada COVID-19, ha infectado a 27,249,308 personas y ha causado 890,971 muertes en todo el mundo hasta el 7 de septiembre de 2020. Considerando las similitudes genéticas entre SARS-CoV-2 y los coronavirus epidémicos SARS-CoV y MERS, es de suponer que compartan tropismos por líneas celulares específicas y afecciones sistémicas. Se han descrito detalladamente las características clínicas y paraclínicas pulmonares de este nuevo virus, aunque hay cada vez mayor evidencia de que se trata de un agente de índole multisistémica. En este trabajo, describimos las manifestaciones extrapulmonares de COVID-19 reportadas hasta la actualidad, incluyendo hematológicas, cardiovasculares, neurológicas, renales, musculares, oftalmológicas, endocrino-metabólicas, gastrointestinales, hepatobiliares, cutáneas y en poblaciones especiales: pediátrica (incluido el síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico) y embarazadas. Es fundamental conocer las complicaciones sistémicas de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 al momento de manejar a estos pacientes, debido al potencial riesgo para la vida de las manifestaciones más graves. Por ello, es recomendable considerarlas de manera dirigida y otorgar un tratamiento oportuno en la medida de lo posible.


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