2021, Número 2
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Rev cubana med 2021; 60 (2)
Protocolo de desensibilización rápida en pacientes con reacción moderada a severa de hipersensibilidad a citostáticos
Soriano GJL, Lima PM, Amón CI, Caballero AI, Artiles MAJ, Fuentes CLA, Hernández GY, Fleites LIN
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 30
Paginas: 1-14
Archivo PDF: 420.17 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción:
La desensibilización rápida a medicamentos induce una tolerancia temporal a los quimioterapéuticos que provocan reacciones de hipersensibilidad.
Objetivo:
Evaluar el protocolo de desensibilización rápida en escenario ambulatorio en pacientes que presentaron reacciones de hipersensibilidad a fármacos citotóxicos.
Métodos:
Se realizó un estudio observacional, y retrospectivo, de 30 pacientes con cáncer que desarrollaron reacciones de hipersensibilidad entre los años 2016 y 2018, tratados en el Hospital de Día del Servicio de Oncología del Clínico Quirúrgico “Hermanos Ameijeiras”. Se clasificaron según su intensidad, y se analizaron variables demográficas, características clínicas, y síntomas presentados. Se utilizó un protocolo en doce etapas basado en tres diluciones del fármaco. Se administró premedicación en todos los casos. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, y para la asociación entre variables, se utilizó la prueba estadística Chi-cuadrado.
Resultados:
La mediana de edad fue 54 años (23;77). Predominaron las mujeres; los menores de 60 años; tumor primario de colon; antecedentes de alergia; el oxaliplatino como fármaco más implicado; las RHS durante la infusión; e intensidad moderada. Fueron más frecuentes los síntomas cutáneos y gastrointestinales. Con la aplicación del protocolo se completó la quimioterapia planificada a los 30 pacientes (145 ciclos adicionales). Solo se presentaron ocho desensibilizaciones con reacciones leves de tipo cutáneas. El 94,5 % de las desensibilizaciones no presentaron reacción alguna.
Conclusiones:
Constituye el primer reporte nacional de la utilización exitosa de un protocolo de desensibilización rápida a citostáticos que demostró ser eficaz y seguro en el escenario ambulatorio, con un manejo multidisciplinario.
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