2001, Número S1
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Arch Cardiol Mex 2001; 71 (S1)
Mecanismos de progresión en insuficiencia cardiaca
Rosas PM
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 59
Paginas: 153-159
Archivo PDF: 58.33 Kb.
RESUMEN
Un evento estructural en la progresión de la insuficiencia cardiaca es la remodelación ventricular. Nuevos mecanismos han sido identificados a nivel celular y molecular en el proceso de remodelación. La compleja interacción entre las cascadas de señalización intra y extracelular han permitido mejorar el conocimiento de los posibles mecanismos que inducen la transición entre hipertrofia e insuficiencia cardiaca. La meta de esta revisión es resumir los principales mecanismos moleculares y celulares, así como sus posibles interacciones, que han sido recientemente publicados en relación al desarrollo de insuficiencia cardiaca. El posible papel de la apoptosis, la matriz extracelular, los cambios bioquímicos y moleculares, los procesos de señalización, las citosinas, la respuesta inflamatoria y la expresión génica son discutidos.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
KANNEL WB, BELANGER AJ: Epidemiology of heart failure. Am Heart J 1991; 121: 951-957.
ROSAS PM, KURI J: Insuficiencia Cardiaca: Situación actual, perspectivas a futuro. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 1997; 67: 335-342.
HO KK, PINSKY JL, KANNEL WB, LEVY D: The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22(suppl A): 6-13.
WILLIAMS JF, BRISTOW MR, FOWLER MB, GARY FS, GARSON A, GERSH BJ ET AL: Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). Circulation 1995; 92: 2764-2784.
GHALI JK, KADAKIA S, COOPER RS, LIAO Y: Bedside diagnosis of preserved versus impaired left ventricular systolic function in heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1991; 67: 1002-1006.
THE CONSENSUS TRIAL STUDY GROUP. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1429-1435.
THE SOLVD INVESTIGATORS. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular efection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 293-302.
COHN JN, JOHNSON G, ZIESHE S, COBB F, FRANCIS G, TRISTANI F ET AL: A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 303-310.
PFEFFER MA, BRAUNWALD E, MOYE LA, BASTA L, BROWN EJ JR, CUDDY TE, ET AL: Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 669-677.
ROGERS WJ, JOHNSTONE DE, YUSUF S, WEINER DH, GALIAGHER P, BITTNER VA, ET AL: Quality of life among 5,025 patients with left ventricular dysfunction randomized between placebo and enalapril: the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23: 393-400.
WEBSTER KA, DISCHER DJ, BISHOPRIC NH: Regulation of Fos and jun immediate early genes by redox or metabolic stress in cardiac myocytes. Circ Res 1994; 74: 679-686.
PENNISI E: Superoxides relay Ras proteins oncogenic message. Science 1997; 275: 1567- 1568.
MARON BJ, FERRANS VJ, ROBERTS WC: Ultrastructural features of degenerated cardiac muscle cells in patients with cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Pathol 1975; 79: 387-434.
ZAK R, RABINOWITZ M, RAJAMANICKAM C, MERTEN S, KWIATKOWSKA, PATZER B: Mitochondrial proliferation in cardiac hypertrophy. Basic Res Cardiol 1980; 75: 171-178.
MARIN-GARCIA J, GOLDENTHAL MJ, ANANTHAKRISHNAN R, PIERPONT ME, FRICKER FJ, LIPSHULTZ SE, ET AL: Mitochondrial function in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Inher Metab Dis 1996; 19: 309-312.
BUCHWALD A, TILL H, UNTERBERG C, OBERSCHMIDT R, FIGULLA HR, WIEGAND V: Alterations of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in human dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 1990; 11: 509-516.
SCHON EA, BONILLA E, DIMAURO S: Mitochondrial DNA mutations and pathogenesis. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1997; 29: 131-149.
KELLY DP, STRAUSS AW: Inherited cardiomyopathies. N Eng1 J Med 1994; 330: 913-919.
TANAKA M, INO H, OHNO K, HATTORI K, SATO W, OZAWA T, TANAKA T, ITOYAMA S: Mitochondrial mutation in fatal infantile cardiomyopathy. Lancet 1990; 336: 1452-4.
TANIIKE M, FUKUSHIMA H, YANAGIHARA I, TSUKAMOTO H, TANAKA J, FUJIMURA H, ET AL: Mitochondrial tRNA mutation in fatal cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 186: 47-53.
SILVESTRI G, SANTORELLI FM, SHANSKE S, WHITLEY CB, SCHIMMENTI LA, SMITH SA, DIMAURO S: A new mtDNA mutation in the tRNA gene associated with maternally inherited cardiomyopathy. Hum Mutat 1994; 3: 37-43.
SANTORELLI FM, MAK S-C, VAZQUEZ-ACEVEDO M, GONZALEZ-ASTIAZARAN A, RIDAURA-SANZ C, GONZALEZ-HALPHEN D, ET AL: A novel mtDNA point mutation associated with mitochondrial encephalocardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 216: 835-840.
SANTORELLI FM, MAK S-C, EL-SCHAHAWI M, CASALI C, SHANSKE S, BARAM TZ, MADRID RE, DIMAURO S: Maternally inherited cardiomyo-pathy and hearing loss associated with a novel mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA gene (G8363). Am J Hum Genet 1996; 58: 933-939.
ZEVIANI M, GELLERA C, ANTOZZI C, RIMOLDI M, MORANDI L, VILLANI F, TIRANTI V, DIDONATO S: Maternally inherited myopathy and cardiomyopathy: association with mutation in mitochondrial DNA tRNA. Lancet 1991; 338: 143-147.
ARBUSTINI E, DIEGOLI M, FASANI R, GRASSO M, MORBINI P, BANCHIERI N, ET AL: Mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial abnormalities in dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Pathol 1998; 153: 1501-1510.
LINCK B, BOKNIK P, ESCHENHAGEN T, MULLER FU, NEUMANN J, NOSE M, ET AL: Messenger RNA expression and immunological quantification of phospholamban and SR- Ca ATPase in failing and nonfailing human heart. Cardiovasc Res 1996; 31: 625-632.
STUDER R, REINECKE H, BILGER J: Gene expression of the cardiac Na-Ca exchanger in end stage human heart failure. Circ Res 1994; 75: 443-453.
DALAKAS MC, PARK KY, MORA C, LEE HS, SIVAKURNAR K, GOLDFARB LG: Desmin myopathy, a skeletal myopathy with cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in the desmin gene. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 770-780.
OLSON TM, MICHELS VV, THIBODEAU SN, TAI YS, KEATING MT: Actin mutations in dilated cardiomyopathy, a heritable form of heart failure. Science 1998; 280: 750-752.
MITTMAN C, ESCHENHAGEN T, SCHOLZ H: Cellular and molecular aspects of contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 1998; 39: 267-275.
COLUCCI WS: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of myocardial failure. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80: 15L-25L.
NARULA J, HAIDER N, VIRMANI: Programmed myocyte death in end-stage heart failure. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1182-1189.
OLIVETTI G, ABBI R, QUIANI F, KAJSTURA J, CHENG W, NITAHARA JA, ET AL: Apoptosis in the failing heart. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1131-1141.
NARULA J, PANDEY P, ARBUSTINI E, HAIDER N, NARULA N, KOLODGIE FD, ET AL: Apoptosis in heart failure: release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase-3 in human cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 8144-8149.
TANAKA M, ITO H, ADACHI S, AKIMOTO H, NISHIKAWA T, KASAJIMA T, ET AL: Hypoxia induces apoptosis with enhanced expression of FAS antigen mRNA in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 1994; 75: 426-433.
ROSAS PM, PANIAGUA SR, KURI J: Muerte celular programada (apoptosis). Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 1999; 69: 399-403.
YEH ET: Life and death in cardiovascular system. Circulation 1997; 95: 782-786.
MCLELLAN WR, SCHNEIDER MD: Death by design. Programmed cell death in cardiovascular biology and disease. Cir Res 1997; 81: 137-144.
JAMES TN: Normal and abnormal consequences of apoptosis in the human heart. Ann Rev Physiol 1998; 60: 309-325.
CHIEN KR: Stress pathways and heart failure. Cell 1999; 98: 555-8.
CHIEN KR, KNOWLTON KU, ZHU H, CHIEN S: Regulation of cardiac gene expression during myocardial growth and hypertrophy: molecular studies of an adaptive physiologic response. FASEB J 1991; 5: 3037-46.
HUNTER JJ, GRACE AA, CHIEN KR: Molecular and cellular biology of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. In: CHIEN KR, ed. Molecular basis of heart disease: a companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders 1999: 211-50.
SADOSHIMA J, IZUMO S: Molecular characterization of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and hyperplasia of cardiac fibroblasts: critical role of the AT1 receptor subtype. Circ Res 1993; 73: 413-23.
YAMAZAKI T, KOMURO I, KUDOH S: Endothelin-1 is involved in mechanical stress-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 3221-8.
ITO H, HIROE M, HIRATA Y, TSUJINO M, ADACHI S, SHICHIRI M, KOIKE A, NOGAMI A, MARUMO F: Insulin-like growth factor-I induces hypertrophy with enhanced expression of muscle specific genes in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Circulation 1993; 87: 1715-21.
DUERR RL, HUANG S, MIRALIAKBAR HR, CLARK R, CHIEN KR, ROSS J JR: Insulin-like growth factor-1 enhances ventricular hypertrophy and function during the onset of experimental cardiac failure. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 619-27.
LAMORTE VJ, THORBUM J, ABSHER D, SPIEGEL A, BROWN JH, CHIEN KR, ET AL: Gq- and rasdependent pathways mediate hypertrophy of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes following alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 13490-6.
WOLLERT KC, TAGA T, SAITO M, NARAZAKI M, KISHIMOTO T, GLEMBOTSKI CC, ET AL: Cardiotrophin-1 activates a distinct form of cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy: assembly of sarcomeric units in series VIA gp130/ leukemia inhibitory facto receptor-dependent pathways. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 9535-45.
ADAMS JW, SAKATA Y, DAVIS MG, SAH VP, WANG Y, LIGGETT SB, ET AL: Enhanced Galpaq signaling: a common pathway mediates cardiac hypertrophy and apoptotic heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 10140-5.
SHENG Z, KNOWLTON K, CHEN J, HOSHIJIMA M, BROWN JH, CHIEN KR: Cardiotrophin 1 (CT- 1) inhibition of cardiac myocyte apoptosis via a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway: divergence from down-stream CT-1 signals fo myocardial cell hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 5783-91.
AKHTER SA, LUTTRELL LM, ROCKMAN HA, IACCARINO G, LEFKOWITZ RJ, KOCH WJ: Targeting the receptor-Gq interface to inhibit in vivo pressure overload myocardial hpertrophy. Science 1998; 280: 574-7.
XIA Z, DICKENS M, RAINGEAUD J, DAVIS RJ, GREENBERG ME: Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis. Science 1995; 270: 1326-31.
53.WANG Y, HUANG S, SAH VP, ROSS J JR, BROWN JH, HAN J, CHIEN KR: Cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy and apoptosis induced by distinct members of the p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase family. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 2161-8.
WANG Y, SU B, SAH VP, BROWN JH, HAN J, CHIEN KR: Cardiac hypertrophy induced by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7, a specific activator for c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in ventricular muscle cells. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 5423-6.
SAH VP, HOSHIJIMA M, CHIEN KR, BROWN JH: Rho is required for Galphaq and alphal-adrenergic receptor signaling in cardiomyocytes: dissociation of Ras and Rho pathways. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 31185-90.
CHIEN KR: Genes and physiology: molecular physiology in genetically ingenetically engineered animals. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 901-9.
BISHOP JE, LINDAHL G: Regulation of cardiovascular collagen synthesis by mechanical load. Cardiovasc Res 1999; 42: 27-44.
SPINALE FG, COKER ML, BOND DR, ZELLNER JL: Myocardial matrix degradation and metalloproteinase activation in the failing heart. A potential therapeutic target. Cardiovasc Res 2000; 46: 225-238.
KIM HE, DALAL SS, YOUNG E, LEGATO MJ, WEISFELDT ML, D’ARMIENTO J: Disruption of the myocardial extracellular matrix leads to cardiac dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2000; 106: 857-866.