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2021, Número 2

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Rev Cubana Cardiol Cir Cardiovasc 2021; 27 (2)


Evolución clínica de pacientes con síndrome de Brugada y desfibriladores automáticos implantados. Experiencia en dos centros de atención terciaria.

Castro HJ, Castañeda CO, Martínez LF, Falcón RR, Dorantes SM, Cruz CM, de Zayas GY, de la Vega VK, Mengana BA, Quiñones MI, Gutiérrez LA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 853.51 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: El desfibrilador automático implantable es opción terapéutica en pacientes de alto riesgo con síndrome de Brugada (SB). El objetivo fue describir la evolución clínica de una serie de pacientes con SB y desfibriladores implantados en dos centros de atención terciaria.
Métodos: Entre abril/1998 y noviembre/2019 se implantaron desfibriladores a 64 pacientes con SB. Se realizó seguimiento al mes, a los 3 meses y semestralmente.
Resultados: Diecinueve debutaron con muerte súbita cardiaca (MSC) abortada, 36 con síncopes y 9 estaban asintomáticos, edad media 43.8 años, 49 del sexo masculino. El 96.2% tenía electrocardiograma convexo espontáneo en al menos una derivación precordial derecha y 12 antecedentes familiares de MSC. Se realizó estimulación eléctrica programada a 52, 12 fueron inducibles. Catorce presentaron complicaciones relacionadas con el sistema electrodo/generador y 19 tuvieron choques inadecuados. Dos pacientes tomaron sulfato de quinidina desde el implante por arritmias auriculares y dos fallecieron en circunstancias no aclaradas, del resto, en un seguimiento medio de 120.5±74.8 meses, 17 (28.3%) tuvieron choques adecuados, 12 habían debutado con MSC y 5 con síncopes, los factores de riesgo para presentar arritmias ventriculares malignas fueron: sexo masculino, MSC abortada al debut, mayor seguimiento y choques inadecuados. La supervivencia (Kaplan Meier) fue inferior en sintomáticos versus asintomáticos (p=0,042), y en debutantes con MSC versus con síncope (p=0,0034).
Conclusiones: Los pacientes sintomáticos con SB son de alto riesgo. Las complicaciones a largo plazo relacionadas con los desfibriladores automáticos implantados son trascendentes. La decisión de implantar desfibriladores a pacientes asintomáticos continúa siendo un desafío clínico.


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