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2021, Número 1

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Revista Cubana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 2021; 47 (1)


Función plaquetaria en preeclampsia y su utilidad como marcador diagnóstico

Saavedra VME

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 1-15
Archivo PDF: 509.58 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La preeclampsia es un trastorno que se presenta durante la gestación y afecta cerca del 10 % de todas las embarazadas en países en vía de desarrollo, siendo una de las patologías con mayor tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad materna y figura como una de las patologías más frecuentes en los servicios de urgencias obstétricas.
Objetivos: Recopilar evidencia científica que permita orientar el manejo de la preeclamsia y encontrar evidencias que caractericen el papel de las plaquetas y los marcadores genéticos dentro de esta patología. Métodos: Se revisan 50 bibliografías actualizadas sobre el tema entre 2015-2019.
Análisis y síntesis de la información: Con la intención de lograr un diagnóstico certero de la enfermedad diversos estudios se han enfocado en algunas alteraciones sistémicas como la disminución del conteo de plaquetas, el aumento del volumen plaquetario medio y el ancho de distribución plaquetaria, valores que podrían usarse para predecir el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Otros estudios han orientado sus investigaciones en los genes y los mecanismos moleculares de esta, debido a que se han reportado más de 50 genes, cuyos polimorfismos podrían servir como biomarcadores.
Conclusiones: Un marcador ideal es aquel que pueda ser usado en condiciones de bajos recursos, que sea accesible para toda la población, que presente una alta precisión, y no esté limitado a asistencia técnica. En tal sentido los índices plaquetarios pueden ser un instrumento eficaz para establecer la gravedad de la enfermedad antes y durante su presentación.
Esta medición podría adoptarse clínica y realísticamente dentro de los centros de salud, y sería útil en países donde los centros de primer nivel no disponen de dispositivos especializados para el diagnóstico de preeclampsia, lo que posibilitaría iniciar un tratamiento precoz, y disminuir las complicaciones de la enfermedad.


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