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2021, Número 1

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Rev Cubana Neurol Neurocir 2021; 11 (1)


El filtraje sensorial como una función adaptativa esencial para el humano

Báez MMM, Morales CLM, Alarcón CC, Bergado RJA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 59
Paginas: 1-20
Archivo PDF: 280.41 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: Describir los mecanismos implicados en el filtraje sensorial y su evaluación mediante las técnicas de Neurofisiología Clínica.
Adquisición de la evidencia: Se realizó una búsqueda de los últimos veinte años en la base de datos PubMed con las palabras clave: sensory gating; sensory gating AND event-related potentials, epilepsy y schizophrenia. Se revisaron un total de 97 artículos en idiomas inglés y español.
Resultados: El fallo en el filtraje sensorial podría ocasionar una capacidad cerebral deteriorada para seleccionar, procesar y almacenar información, lo que puede contribuir de manera significativa a una disfunción cognitiva o psicosis. Se basa en índices tales como la supresión de P50, N100 y P200, y la inhibición por prepulso de la respuesta de sobresalto. Su evaluación se realiza básicamente mediante el cálculo del cociente de amplitud de los componentes ante el primer y segundo estímulo (S2/S1) y su diferencia de amplitud (S1-S2). Los generadores de sus componentes varían en dependencia de la modalidad sensorial de que se trate. Para la exploración auditiva se propone que los generadores del componente P50 se ubiquen a nivel de lóbulo temporal, en tanto el proceso de filtraje propiamente tiene lugar en áreas del lóbulo frontal.
Conclusiones: Los reportes en la literatura apoyan el uso de las técnicas de Neurofisiología Clínica para el estudio de los mecanismos implicados en el filtraje sensorial y sus alteraciones en diversas enfermedades del sistema nervioso central.


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