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2021, Número 1

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Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd 2021; 40 (1)


Bases inmunológicas de la enfermedad neumocócica y el candidato vacunal PVC7-TT

Zelada VA, Cruz QM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 64
Paginas: 1-24
Archivo PDF: 412.23 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: Las enfermedades infecciosas del tracto respiratorio se encuentran entre las primeras causas de entidades respiratorias en edades extremas de la vida.
Objetivo: Describir las bases inmunológicas de la enfermedad y el nuevo candidato vacunal conjugado antineumocócico PCV7-TT desarrollado en Cuba.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Medline, Pubmed, SciELO, LILACS, Cochrane Library y Web of Science, de documentos publicados entre mayo del 2018 y marzo del 2020. Se seleccionaron los 64 artículos de mayor relevancia y novedad.
Resultados: Streptococcus pneumoniae es el agente etiológico de la enfermedad neumocócica; se le atribuye alrededor de un millón de defunciones anuales, principalmente en países en vías de desarrollo. Es un coco Gram-positivo, anaerobio facultativo y encapsulado que se encuentra dividido en 48 serogrupos y 97 serotipos tipificados. Presenta varios factores de virulencia que garantizan su mecanismo de patogenicidad; uno de los más importantes es el polisacárido capsular que constituye la diana de las vacunas antineumocócicas conjugadas y no conjugadas existentes. En el presente artículo se consideró la proteína de superficie C del neumococo como un posible candidato en la investigación y desarrollo de vacunas preventivas. Asimismo, las vesículas extracelulares podría ser un posible candidato para adyuvante vacunal con fines preventivos y terapéuticos.
Conclusiones: El neumococo es un problema de salud a nivel global y el uso de vacunas conjugadas antineumocócicas constituye la herramienta más eficaz para su prevención. El candidato vacunal PCV7-TT desarrollado en Cuba es seguro, bien tolerado, inmunogénico y no inferior a las vacunas actualmente registradas.


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